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and so on. Conversely, during the same period, the light-demanding tree (b) (see also Fir. 17.3) was not affected by the additional exposure, and put on no extra lower branches at all. As with all other organisms, what is vital to every tree, indeed all vegetation, is the maintenance of an even inner climate, of its healthy state of 'indifference' or 'tempera- turelessness'. If this is in any way disturbed, then the tree becomes disease prone. As far as they can manage it all shade-demanding trees, and under certain circumstances light- demanders too, will do everything they can to maintain or reinstate this temperatureless condition. This is particularly evident after a forest fire and explains why trees that survive such a conflagration quickly cover themselves with a profusion of small shoots as shown in fig. 17.4. The fire has blackened their bark, so that, instead of reflecting the heat, it absorbs it and other radiation. Without the rapid restoration of protective cover the interior of 17: Forestry - A Noble or Ignoble Art ? 231 the tree would quickly overheat and the flow of sap would slow considerably and no longer reach the highest branches. As a shade-demander the pine or fir in fig. 17.5 would normally grow in dense forest with no other branches of any significance except those of the crown. Because it is much taller than its neighbours, it must once have been surrounded by trees of similar height but, because it had not yet grown sufficiently to be of any commercial use, it was left standing when the area around it was replanted. What has happened to this poor tree is quite evident. At a fairly late stage in its growth, its protective surroundings have been removed, leaving it exposed to exces- sive light and heat. As a result it has had to divert the energies employed in upward growth in order to erect extra branches all the way down the trunk in self-defence. This malformed growth produces a very knotty timber, because an abnormal number of branches have to be grown in areas of the Fig. 17.8 Beeches growing at the edge of the forestPDF Image | Viktor Schauberger Work Explained
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