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244 Living Energies excessive, because they have a protective mechanism in the form of very thick bark or, in some cases, a light-coloured bark with a high reflective factor. Figs.18.7A and B show these activities in greater detail. The so-called 'cambium layer' could be viewed as a 'proto-annual-ring' and at the same time as a dielectric, as will be addressed later. This active zone is where the growth of the tree takes place through the interaction of two variously constituted and electrically charged fluids, i.e the negatively charged phloem containing oxygen, carbon- dioxide, nitrogen, etc, flows down the inner side of the dielectric, whereas the positively charged xylem, containing ionised minerals, salts, trace-elements, carbonic acid or CO2, etc, flows up the outside. Between these two streams and through their interaction, the proto-annual-ring is transformed into a proper annual ring. These annual rings carry within them the imprint of the life-experience and history of the tree. This whole process takes place in darkness under the protective cover of the bark so that, as far as possible, disturbances to this deli- cately balanced metabolism, through the excessive irradiation and increased tempera- ture of direct sunlight, are avoided. 18.2 Temperature Gradients in the Tree Here too temperature plays a major role. The active areas of growth in the outer peripheral zones of the trunk and branches require a certain warmth and level of energy to maintain the various formative elements in a productive, ionised and fluid state. All healthy processes of combination and re-com- bination taking place there, are wholly depen- dent on the orderly configuration and relative proportions of the temperature gradients. With a positive temperature gradient from the outside inwards during the day as shown in fig. 18.7, C, the cooler more internal sap rises faster and carries the finest nutrients up to the top of the tree. This is for the highest quality growth, in the foliage, small green shoots, flowers and reproductive elements. This upward flow can be as fast as 3m per hour, or 50mm per minute, as recorded by Viktor Schauberger. The lower quality, coarser nutrients present in the outermost layers of the cambium ring, which are required for the structural formation of the tree, can only be carried upward as far as their degree of coarseness permits, the coarser being deposited earlier in the forma- tion of the trunk, the finer later in the branches. Both the graduation of quality and the height to which these elements are raised are dependent on temperature and the extent to which the negative temperature gradient, in its function as depositor or precipitator, is active from the outside inwards. As the morning progresses the overall tem- perature of the atmosphere rises, causing the point of intersection between positive and negative temperature gradients within the tree to shift to deeper levels. The sap-flow begins to slow down and, according to their quality the various positively charged nutritive ele- ments are held in near stationary suspension at various heights to await the arrival of the negatively charged elements from above. This may be why, for instance, the oxygen produc- tion in the Amazonian forest ceases towanrds midday. Due to the rapid development of high external temperatures during the morning, the positive nutrient-transporting temperature gradient soon gives way to a negative one. The uplift of elements for photosynthesis therefore ceases and with no photosynthesis, the evolution of oxygen no longer occurs. As night falls, and with external cooling, the temperature gradient reverses and a posi- tive temperature gradient arises from the inside outwards (left to right as shown in fig. 18.7, C), i.e. the outer layers become cooler than the inner. The sap begins to sink, the sap in the higher portions of the tree more quickly than in the lower because cool- ing in the crown takes place more rapidly. In the case of the Amazon above, the greater evaporation associated with the higher tem- peratures results in the accelerated cooling and densification of the sap, which then sinks after midday and does not reverse direction until the following day. In both instances the effect of this is to draw the oxygen and otherPDF Image | Viktor Schauberger Work Explained
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