Waste Heat and Water Recovery System Optimization for Flue Gas

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Waste Heat and Water Recovery System Optimization for Flue Gas ( waste-heat-and-water-recovery-system-optimization-flue-gas )

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sustainability Article Waste Heat and Water Recovery System Optimization for Flue Gas in Thermal Power Plants Syed Safeer Mehdi Shamsi 1,2, Assmelash A. Negash 1,2, Gyu Baek Cho 2 and Young Min Kim 2,* 1 Environment & Energy Mechanical Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea; smshamsi@kimm.re.kr (S.S.M.S.); asmydit@kimm.re.kr (A.N.) Research Division for Environmental and Energy Systems, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 156 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Korea; gybcho@kimm.re.kr (G.B.C.) 2 * Correspondence: ymkim@kimm.re.kr; Tel.: +82-42-868-7377 Received: 28 February 2019; Accepted: 26 March 2019; Published: 28 March 2019 􏰁􏰂􏰃 􏰅􏰆􏰇 􏰈􏰉􏰊􏰋􏰌􏰂􏰍 Abstract: Fossil-fueled power plants present a problem of significant water consumption, carbon dioxide emissions, and environmental pollution. Several techniques have been developed to utilize flue gas, which can help solve these problems. Among these, the ones focusing on energy extraction beyond the dew point of the moisture present within the flue gas are quite attractive. In this study, a novel waste heat and water recovery system (WHWRS) composed of an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) and cooling cycles using singular working fluid accompanied by phase change was proposed and optimized for maximum power output. Furthermore, WHWRS configurations were analyzed for fixed water yield and fixed ambient temperature, covering possible trade-off scenarios between power loss and the number of stages as per desired yields of water recovery at ambient temperatures in a practical range. For a 600 MW power plant with 16% water vapor volume in flue gas at 150 ◦C, the WHWRS can produce 4–6 MWe while recovering 50% water by cooling the flue gas to 40 ◦C at an ambient temperature of 20 ◦C. Pragmatic results and design flexibility, while utilizing single working fluid, makes this proposed system a desirable candidate for practical application. Keywords: waste heat recovery; water recovery; organic Rankine cycle; vapor compression cycle; pumped heat pipe cooling; flue gas; power plant 1. Introduction Power plants that utilize fossil fuels, such as coal, pose fuel consumption problems, ultimately resulting in higher CO2 emissions, significant water consumption and hazardous gas emissions. Utilization of waste heat recovery from the flue gas of power plants leads to its condensation and can be a simultaneous solution for the problems mentioned above. Many studies are being conducted to find ways to utilize flue gas to reduce carbon footprints; these include employing it in the synthesis of methane and ammonia [1], as well as investigations focusing on waste heat recovery and utilization. Some studies focus on the reuse of exhaust gases for co-generation [2] and the use of this energy for pre-drying in coal power plants, which increases the thermal efficiency of the system by approximately 2% [3]. Other studies have focused on heat pump absorption technology with up to 32% energy savings within the system [4]. Zhang et al. [5] used a vapor-pump equipped gas boiler for flue gas heat recovery with system efficiency over 10%. Arietta et al. [6] investigated the Kalina cycle for waste heat recovery systems by directly converting the waste heat into electricity, which demonstrated 23% thermal efficiency. New methods of utilizing waste heat via the S-CO2 cycle are also being conceptualized, with a cycle efficiency of approximately 18% [7]. Thermoelectric generation is also one of the promising technologies in the area of waste heat Sustainability 2019, 11, 1881; doi:10.3390/su11071881 www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability

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