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Sustainability 2019, 11, 1881 3 of 20 compiled a report regarding typical acid concentrations in low-temperature condensed flue gas moisture and mercury capture efficiencies, preventing emission to the environment, but the condensation of the acidic fluids had an adverse corrosive consequence on the heat exchangers used in the system. Zukeran et al. [28] investigated the SO2 removal rate and PM reduction for marine engines via water condensation in flue gas. As a result of water condensation, mist particles are generated which are then collected by an electrostatic precipitator. Shuangchen et al. [29] investigated the environmental influence of high humidity flue gas discharging from power plants and suggested that high humidity flue gas emissions promote the secondary transformation of air pollutants and reduce atmospheric visibility. The objective of this study is to optimize a waste heat and water recovery system, comprised of an ORC, for power generation, with the integration of pumped heat pipe cooling and vapor compression cycle cooling, utilizing a single working fluid to perform heat extraction for power output and water recovery. Also, the characteristics of the proposed system for different yields of water and ambient temperature conditions were investigated. Condensed water and flue gas should be further treated for proper utilization as previously mentioned but are not covered in the context of this study. 2. Materials and Methods A general schematic of the heat and water recovery of low-temperature flue gas originating from a coal-fired power plant is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. A general schematic of a heat and water recovery system. The system is comprised of a power generation unit and a water recovery unit that use the same working fluid for their required purposes. The flue gas is first cooled by the heat extraction of the power unit at the high-temperature evaporator and is further cooled below the dew-point of the water that is present in the gas by the water recovery unit at the low-temperature evaporators. The design characteristics and properties of the flue gas, power generation unit, and water recovery unit are discussed further in the following text. 2.1. Flue Gas Characteristics Table 1 shows the flue gas properties and considerations needed for the design and modeling of the heat and water recovery system. With flue gas at 150 ◦C, a 600-MW coal-fired power plant was selected as the input for the heat and water recovery system. Water condensation in the flue gas begins at the dew point, i.e., when the partial pressure of the water vapor in the flue gas is equal to the saturation pressure of the water. According to Dalton’s law, the partial pressure ratio of the water vapor must be equal to the partial volume ratio. For coal power plants, the pressure of the flue gas is close to atmospheric pressure (101 kPa) and 12–16% volume of water vapor corresponds to 12.1 to 16.2 kPa of water vaporPDF Image | Waste Heat and Water Recovery System Optimization for Flue Gas
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