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Sustainability 2019, 11, 1881 11 of 20 Figure 8. Properties of system configurations desirable at 40 ◦C ambient temperature and 50% water recovery yield: (a) map of configurations A, B, X, H, and O based on outlet temperature and number of stages; (b) map of configurations A, B, X, H, and O based on water recovery efficiency along with the number of stages; and (c) map of the power outputs of configurations A, B, X, H, and O with respect to number of stages. 3.1.2. At 30 ◦C Ambient Temperature Figure 9 shows graphical representations of configurations feasible for an ambient temperature of 30 ◦C. Although A has the highest power output as compared to that of configurations B and X, it doesn’t cool the flue gas up to the desired temperature of 40 ◦C as shown in Figure 9a; as a result it can recover only 21.6% of the water from the flue gas as shown in Figure 9b. The power output of B is higher than that of X as shown in Figure 9c. Although, X is a two-stage cycle and B a three-stage cycle, both fulfilling the criteria of greater than 50% water recovery. However, B has an advantage over X of consuming relatively less power for its vapor compression cycle as 10 ◦C of decreased temperature was already obtained by the pumped HPC cycle. In contrast, configuration X has an advantage over B of having one less stage as it only utilizes the vapor compression cycle. Note that O and H are the two configurations that were not considered for this ambient temperature condition case because they have no advantage and are not comparable. H has the same number of stages as B, so it has no advantage in terms of system stages. It also uses two stages of vapor compression whereas B uses one stage of heat pump cycle and one stage of vapor compression of the same capacity, so B has dominance over H in power consumptions as well, rendering the comparison meaningless. Similarly, O is essentially B with an additional stage. As the required output can be attained without the fourth stage with less power consumption, the comparison of the configuration with an additional stage, i.e. O, becomes absurd. Figure 9. Cont.PDF Image | Waste Heat and Water Recovery System Optimization for Flue Gas
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