WASTE HEAT RECOVERY Classification

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WASTE HEAT RECOVERY Classification ( waste-heat-recovery-classification )

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ρ is density of the flue gas in kg/m3 Cp is the specific heat of the substance in kCal/kg °C ∆T is the temperature difference in °C Cp (Specific heat of flue gas) = 0.24 kCal/kg/°C Heat available (Q) = 2100 × 1.19 × 0.24 × ((900-180) = 4,31,827 kCal/hr By installing a recuperator, this heat can be recovered to pre-heat the combustion air. The fuel savings would be 33% (@ 1% fuel reduction for every 22 °C reduction in temper- ature of flue gas. 8.2 Classification and Application In considering the potential for heat recovery, it is useful to note all the possibilities, and grade the waste heat in terms of potential value as shown in the following Table 8.1: 8. Waste Heat Recovery TABLE 8.1 WASTE SOURCE AND QUALITY S.No. Source Quality 1. Heat in flue gases. The higher the temperature, the greater the potential value for heat recovery 2. Heat in vapour streams. As above but when condensed, latent heat also recoverable. 3. Convective and radiant heat lost from exterior of equipment Low grade – if collected may be used for space heating or air preheats. 4. Heat losses in cooling water. Low grade – useful gains if heat is exchanged with incoming fresh water 5. Heat losses in providing chilled water or in the disposal of chilled water a) High grade if it can be utilized to reduce demand for refrigeration. b) Low grade if refrigeration unit used as a form of heat pump. 6. Heat stored in products leaving the process Quality depends upon temperature. 7. Heat in gaseous and liquid effluents leaving process. Poor if heavily contaminated and thus requiring alloy heat exchanger. High Temperature Heat Recovery The following Table 8.2 gives temperatures of waste gases from industrial process equipment in the high temperature range. All of these results from direct fuel fired processes. Medium Temperature Heat Recovery The following Table 8.3 gives the temperatures of waste gases from process equipment in the medium temperature range. Most of the waste heat in this temperature range comes from the exhaust of directly fired process units. Bureau of Energy Efficiency 174

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