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Energies 2020, 13, 6446 20 of 26 Table 16. Annual energy, operational cost and CO2 savings for the studied heat recovery technologies based on 7000 h of operation per year. Components Preheating for single oven Preheating for multiple oven Reheating process water Combined preheating and reheating process water RORC Component One heat exchanger One heat exchanger One heat exchanger, one pump Two heat exchangers, one pump Four heat exchangers, three pumps, one turbine Three pumps, five heat exchangers (including two air coolers with fans), two process vessels (generator and absorber) Parameters Value A = 0.8261 m2, P = ambient A = 5.461 m2, P = ambient A = 3.99 m2, P = 2 bar WP = 0.023 kW AHE, 1 = 0.8261 m2, AHE,2 = 3.52 m2 PHE,1 = ambient, PHE,2 = 2 bar , PP,1 = 2 bar WP = 0.0188 kW AHE, 1 = 5 m2, AHE,2 = 0.674 m2, AHE, 3 = 0.657 m2, AHE,4 = 5.14 m2 PHE,1 = 10 bar, PHE,2 = 10 bar , PHE,3 = 1.5 bar, PHE,4 = 2 bar PP,1 = 10 bar, PP,2 = 1.5 bar, PP,3 = 2 bar WP,1 = 0.584 kW, WP,2 = 0.35 kW, WP,1 = 0.0247 kW PT = 10 bar, WT = 23.02 kW PP,1 = 2 bar, PP,2 = 10 bar, PP,3 = 4 bar WP,1 = 0.27 kW, WP,2 = 0.38 kW, WP,3 = 0.22 kW AHE, 1 = 5.15 m2, AHE,2 = 9.26 m2, AHE, 3 = 3.6 m2, AHE,4 = 7.8 m2, AHE,5 = 12.56 m2 PHE,1 = 2 bar, PHE,2 = 10 bar , PHE,3 =10bar,PHE,4 =4bar, PHE,5 = 1 bar PG = 10 bar, PA =1bar, VVe,G = 0.1 m3, VVe,A = 0.1 m3 Cost of Investment (£) 35,616 54,557 59,346 92,914 152,335 Fuel/Electricity Saving (£/Year) Payback Period (Years) 6938 5.13 34,687 1.57 26,189 2.26 28,209 3.25 9668 15.75 VARC 217,824 6657 32.72 Although some technologies provide higher savings than other, all the technologies discussed in this work can be used for waste heat recovery in a food manufacturing site in a certain scenario. The performances of all these technologies could vary with the production scales and the seasonal variations. For instance, the heat recovery potential of the gas-to-liquid heat recovery technology producing hot water highly depends on the hot water demand in the factory. The hot water demand may fluctuate or drop due to changes in production level, thus, varying or reducing the heat recovery system’s output. The system output will also vary with the ambient temperature if the hot water produced is used for space heating. These irregularities in production level and ambient temperatures can make the design of heat recovery system producing hot water challenging. In addition to that, the distance between the heat source (ovens) and sink (processes with hot water demand) is also anPDF Image | Waste Heat Recovery Technologies for the Food Processing Industry
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