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Waste Heat Recovery Turbine Exhaust Steam Heat Pump

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Waste Heat Recovery Turbine Exhaust Steam Heat Pump ( waste-heat-recovery-turbine-exhaust-steam-heat-pump )

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Energies 2020, 13, 6256 2 of 19 hand, a high back pressure will reduce the volume flow of the exhaust steam through the low-pressure stage of the turbine, cause turbine vibration, and even endanger the safe operation of the steam turbine unit [13]. On the other hand, according to the principle of determining electricity by heat, the power generation and heating load cannot be adjusted independently, such that the high back pressure unit is only adaptive for occasions with a stable thermal load. The second technique is using an absorption heat pump to recover waste heat from a steam turbine exhaust. The absorption heat pump uses the high-parameter extraction steam of the steam turbine as a high-temperature heat source and extracts heat from the exhaust steam of the steam turbine as a low-temperature heat source, thereby obtaining medium-grade hot water. Aiming at the current situation of the insufficient heat capacity of the existing heat network, several scholars consider using absorption heat pumps to decrease the return water temperature of the primary heating network dramatically without the need to transform the heating network [14–17]. Usually, the heating system usually has different levels of low-temperature waste heat. Therefore, the absorption heating system should be optimized to recover the waste heat with different parameters [18]. Moreover, conventional thermal power plants usually have multiple units, and the extraction steam, exhaust steam, and heating network water are often not properly matched in terms of quality and quantity, resulting in large irreversible losses [19]. In the case of the combined heating of multiple units, Tian et al. proposed using multiple absorption heat pumps for the cascade utilization of exhaust steam waste heat [20]. In addition, detailed analysis and comparison must be conducted through thermodynamic indicators, because different configurations of the absorption heat pump have varied temperature-raising abilities and efficiencies [21–23]. Xu et al. [24] proposed to connect two single effect absorption heat pumps with different operating parameters in series to achieve a large temperature rise in the heating network. Hu et al. [25] proposed a variable-lift absorption system to heat the return water of the primary heat supply network step by step. Additionally, the outdoor temperature constantly changes during the heating period, which causes the load of the heating network to need to be adjusted accordingly. Some scholars have analyzed the influence of heat load change on the energy efficiency of the absorption heating system and improved the integrated mode of the heating system [26,27]. Most researchers focus on how to recover turbine exhaust heat efficiently and improve the transmission capacity of the heating network by utilizing an absorption heat pump, but few of them consider the relationship between the heat pump power and the heating load of the heating network [28]. During the actual heating period, the heating load changes every day, such that the heat pump system usually runs in off-design conditions. Therefore, the selection of heat pump design power is very important for the waste heat recovery system coupled with absorption heat pump, which has a crucial impact on the efficiency and economy of the system. For these reasons, on the basis of the heating load characteristics, this paper puts forward the design idea of the heating supply system, which uses an absorption heat pump to recover turbine exhaust heat. The operation mode of the heat pump is discussed in four cases according to the design power of the heat pump. An economic analysis model is also proposed to optimize the design power of the heat pump. Combining an engineering example, a heating supply system with waste heat recovery is designed, and the optimal design power of the heat pump is provided. Various factors affecting the economy of the system are discussed and analyzed in detail. 2. Design Idea of Waste Heat Recovery System 2.1. Heating Supply System with Waste Heat Recovery System Using Absorption Heat Pump In view of the current situation of insufficient heating supply, where a large amount of turbine exhaust heat cannot be effectively utilized, a waste heat recovery system which can utilize absorption heat pump to recover steam turbine exhaust for heating supply is proposed. This system consists of a heater for the heating network and an absorption heat pump. The absorption heat pump in the waste heat recovery system is driven by the high-parameter steam turbine extraction and absorbs the

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