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82 Page 10 of 13 Nano-Micro Lett. (2022) 14:82 (a) 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 (b) 200 150 100 50 0 0.1 0.5 100 (c) 200 80 177.3 194.3 -1 mAh g-1 mAh g short circuit Zeolite-Zn Zn (d) 100 80 60 40 20 (e) 1.6 Average CE: 85.9% 1.2 short circuit 1.0 0.8 (f) 5 2 1 0.5 0.1 0.20 40 80 120 160 200 25 100 40 20 50 Current unit: A g-1 Current unit: A g-1 0 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 A g-1 Capacity (mAh g-1) Average CE: 98.53% 1.4 10 20 30 40 50 0 Cycle number Capacity lost 0, 5, 10, 50 h resting 0 20 40 60 80 100120140160 Specific Capacity (mAh g-1) 100 200 300 400 500 Cycle number 1 60 150 (g) 280 240 200 160 120 80 40 100 Zeolite-Zn 0.6 0 Zn 0.4 0, 5, 10, 50 h resting 0 20 40 60 80 100120140160 Specific Capacity (mAh g-1) Average CE: 99.76% 80 60 0 100 200 300 400 500 Cycle number Average CE: 97.09% 147.1 mAh g-1 2.0 A g-1 short circuit 00 0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800 3200 3600 4000 4400 4800 5200 5600 Cycle number 141.8 mAh g-1 40 Zeolite-Zn 20 Zn Fig. 4 a GCD curves and b rate performance of the Zeolite-Zn||I2 battery. c Cycling performance and d Coulombic efficiencies (CEs) of the Zn||I2 batteries with either bare- or Zeolite-Zn at 0.2 A g−1. e–f Electrochemical aging test (static resting after fully charge state) of Zn||I2 batter- ies with either bare-Zn or Zeolite-Zn anode. g Capacity and CE evolution of Zn||I2 batteries at current density of 2 A g−1 with either bare-Zn or Zeolite-Zn anode slightly decreased to 196.0 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles (96.6% capacity retention). The dramatically improved performance can be safely attributed to the effective suppression of para- sitic reactions by the zeolite-based protecting layer, consid- ering the high CEs (98.53% in average, Fig. 4d). Since I3− shuttling is the main reason accounting for self-discharge of Zn||I2 batteries, the I3−-blocking protect- ing layer should also be able to improve shelf life of the batteries. As exhibited in Fig. 4e, the bare-Zn battery loses 12.2% and 49.1% of its capacity after 10 and 50 h open- circuit resting, respectively, due to the fast consumption of the shuttling I3− by the metallic Zn anode [23]. On the con- trary, the Zeolite-Zn battery loss only 17.0% of its initial capacity after 50 h resting, indicating a nearly 3 times slower self-discharge rate (Fig. 4f). At a high rate of 2 A g−1, the Zeolite-Zn battery demonstrates extraordinary cycling sta- bility (91.92% capacity retention after 5600 cycles) and CEs (99.76% in average, Fig. 4g), corresponding to an extremely slow capacity decay rate of 0.0016% per cycle, whereas the bare-Zn battery delivers not only low CEs (97.09% in aver- age), but also short cycling lifetime (failed at 1015 cycles). The long battery lifetime enabled by the zeolite-based pro- tecting layer has also been readily achieved in the Zn(AC)2 electrolyte, indicating the excellent reproducibility of this strategy (Fig. S19). The achievement of stable and high areal capacity is another necessary precondition for practical application of battery systems. To highlight the application potential of this strategy, we further constructed a Zeolite-Zn||I2 full battery with an ultrahigh I2 mass loading of 13.3 mg cm−2 on the cathode. At a current density of 0.2 A g−1, this bat- tery achieves an initial specific capacity of 134.2 mAh g−1 (areal capacity: 3.6 mAh, Fig. S20), corresponding to a Zn utilization coefficient of 7.2%. The capacity keeps almost unchanged within a testing period of 950 cycles. We further test the batteries connected in series or in parallel to mimic © The authors https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-022-00825-5 Discharge Charge Charge Discharge Capacity (mAh g-1) Coulombic Efficiency (%) Voltage (V) Coulombic Efficiency (%) Potential (V vs. Zn/Zn2+) Capacity (mAh g-1) Potential (V vs. Zn/Zn2+) Coulombic Efficiency (%) Capacity (mAh g-1)PDF Image | Boosting Zn Battery by Coating a Zeolite‐Based Cation‐Exchange
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