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Membranes 2021, 11, 267 4 of 11 where A0 (cm2) and A (cm2) are the areas of the separator before and after being heated, respectively. 2.5. Electrochemical Performance of the Composite Separator The composite separator and PE separator were stamped into discs with a diameter of 19 mm for use. The thickness of the PAN and composite separator used is 45 μm in the test. The electrochemical stability, ionic conductivity, and interfacial resistance (Rint) were measured by using an electrochemical workstation (Ivium Stats, Ivium Technologies, Eindhoven, Netherlands). The thickness of the separator samples was measured with a thickness gauge (CH-1-S, Shanghai liuleng, China). The Rint between the separator sample and lithium metal electrode was carried out by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The ionic conductivity of the separators was also determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), with two stainless steel electrodes. The tested frequency ranged from 0.1 Hz to 1 MHz with a signal amplitude of 5 mV. The ionic conductivity was calculated by the equation: σ = d/(R × S) (3) where d is the thickness of the separators sample, R is the bulk resistance and S is the area of the electrode. The electrochemical stability was measured in a cell of lithium metal/separator/ stainless steel by using liner sweep voltammetry from 2.5 V to 6.0 V at 5 mV·s−1. For rate performances and cyclability tests, a CR2032 coin-type cell was assembled by sandwiching the separator between a lithium anode and a LiFePO4 cathode and then adding a liquid electrolyte. The measurements were performed by battery-testing equipment (CT2001A, LAND Electronics, Wuhan, China). The cell was cycled at a fixed charge/discharge current density of 0.5 C for 100 cycles. Rate capability test was applied to the discharge of 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 0.2 C, under 2.5–4.2 V. 3. Results FT-IR spectrums of the electrospun PAN separator, phenoxy resin/PAN separator, and Z/PAN-1.5 separators were recorded to confirm the smooth incorporation of phenoxy resin and ZSM-5 zeolite, as shown in Figure 1. In the infrared spectrum curve of PAN, the peak at 2243 cm−1 and 1453 cm−1 can be vested in the stretching vibration of the -CN bond and the bending vibration of -CH2- [29]. After immersing in 5 wt% phenoxy resin solution, a new peak appeared at 1238 cm−1, which is the characteristic absorption peak of the ether bond connected to the benzene ring, and the absorption peaks of the benzene skeleton at 1508 cm−1 and 1454 cm−1. Besides this, a T-O-T (T=Si or Al) bending vibration peak of ZSM-5 appeared at 553 cm−1, indicating that ZSM-5 is normally embedded into the Z/PAN-1.5 separators [33]. The above indicated that phenoxy resin and ZSM-5 were successfully introduced into the Z/PAN-1.5 separators.PDF Image | Electrospinning Polyacrylonitrile Separator with Dip-Coating of Zeolite
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