PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 110
REPORT OF THE BASIC RESEARCH NEEDS WORKSHOP scales relevant in energy storage applications, they will accelerate progress towards realization of safe, light- weight, and cost-competitive storage of electrical energy across the spectrum of energy storage applications. Additionally, electrified liquid-solid and solid-solid interfaces are critical in many electrochemical systems beyond energy storage technologies, such as fuel cells, sensors, and electrochromic displays. Theory, Modeling, and Simulations: Accurate modeling of interfacial transport, charge transfer, and electrochemical reactions is particularly suited for focused examination of hypotheses and decoupling of competing mechanisms at multifunctional materials/interfaces. Future modeling efforts should look to fully embrace all the complexities of solid-solid and solid-liquid interfaces, as well as interphases coupling both of the interfaces. Although many challenges remain in computational methods, calculating reaction activation barriers (within a well-specified set of assumptions) can be readily applied to study degradation processes. This will greatly benefit experimental study of degradation and alleviate the demands on accelerated testing of battery lifetimes at elevated temperature and harsh conditions. The coupling of DFT techniques to longer length scales, implicit solvent treatments, and Monte Carlo simulations will be a foundational advance that also benefits basic research needs for fuel cells, flow batteries, and other energy storage and conversion technologies. Mechanistic Understanding of Interfaces and Interphases: Surface structure, reaction products, potential profiles, and interfacial chemistry all contribute to the nature of the interface, and the relationships should be discerned. Better understanding of the mechanistic aspects could enable active (rather than passive) control of chemical structure and composition at interfaces, which may facilitate new electrode development and the establishment of more resilient interfaces. This fundamental understanding will also enable a more rational design of energy storage systems to identify the best combinations of components (electrode interface structure, electrolyte composition, additives, etc.) as novel materials are discovered and developed. Control and realization of better interfaces can lead to significant improvements in the energy density, rate performance, low- temperature performance, and calendar lifetime of energy storage systems. Towards Rational Design of Interphases and Interfaces: The ability to design and adapt electrochemical interfaces at will for a desired function can have far reaching impacts in the ability to control the free-energy landscape and offer unprecedented management of the directionality of charge transfer and transport. More robust synthetic methodologies and linking structure-property-functionality relationships of electrochemical materials and interfaces will enable the family of materials suitable to energy storage to be significantly expanded. Self-healing approaches may preserve interface function and thus present opportunities for increased safety, enhanced lifetime, and adaptable systems. 3.2.4 REFERENCES 1. Nie, M.; Chalasani, D.; Abraham, D.P.; Chen, Y.; Bose, A.; Lucht, B.L., Lithium ion battery graphite solid electrolyte interphase revealed by microscopy and spectroscopy, J. Phys. Chem. C., 2013, 117, 1257-1267. 2. Tikekar, M.D.; Choudhury, S.; Tu, Z.; Archer, L.A., Design principles for electrolytes and interfaces for stable lithium-metal batteries, Nature Energy, 2016, 1, 6-12. 3. Crumlin, E.J.; Liu, Z.; Bluhm, H.; Yang, W.; Guo, J.; Hussain, Z., X-ray spectroscopy of energy materials under in situ/operando conditions, J. Electron Spec. Rel. Phenom., 2015, 200, 264-273. 4. Lu, Y.-C.; Crumlin, E.J.; Veith, G.M.; Harding, J.R.; Mutoro, E.; Baggetto, L.; Dudney, N.J.; Liu, Z.; Shao-Horn, Y., In situ ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of lithium-oxygen redox reactions, Scientific Reports, 2012, 2, 715. 5. Lu, Y.-C.; Crumlin, E.J.; Carney, T.J.; Baggetto, L.; Veith, G.M.; Dudney, N.J.; Liu, Z.; Shao-Horn, Y., Influence of hydrocarbon and CO2 on the reversibility of LiO2 chemistry using in situ ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, J. Phys. Chem. C , 2013, 117, 25948-25954. 6. Lim, J.; Li, Y.; Alsem, D.H.; So, H.; Lee, S.C.; Bai, P.; Cogswell, D.A.; Liu, X.; Jin, N.; Yu, Y.-S.; Salmon, N.J.; Shapiro, D.A.; Bazant, M.Z.; Tyliszczak, T.; Chueh, W.C., Origin and hysteresis of lithium compositional spatiodynamics within battery primary particles, Science, 2016, 353, 566. 7. Axnanda, S.; Crumlin, E.; Mao, B.; Rani, S.; Chang, R.; Karlsson, P.G.; Edwards, M.O.M.; Lundqvist, M.; Moberg, R.; Ross, P.; Hussain, Z.; Liu, Z., Using “tender” X-ray ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as a direct probe of solid-liquid interface, Scientific Reports, 2015, 5, 9788. 8. Favaro, M.; Jeong, B.; Ross, P.N.; Yano, J.; Hussain, Z.; Liu, Z.; Crumlin, E.J., Unravelling the electrochemical double layer by direct probing of the solid/liquid interface, Nature Commun., 2016, 7, 12695, DOI:10.1038/ncomms12695. 9. Velasco-Velez, J.-J.; Wu, C H.; Pascal, T.A.; Wan, L.F.; Guo, J., Prendergast, D.; Salmeron, M., The structure of interfacial water on gold electrodes studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy, Science, 346, 831-834 (2014) DOI:10.1126/science.1259437. 10. Liu, X.S.; Wang, D.D.; Liu, G.; Srinivasan, V.; Liu, Z.; Hussain, Z.; Yang, W.L., Distinct charge dynamics in battery electrodes revealed by in situ and operando soft X-ray spectroscopy, Nature Commun., 2013, 4, 2568, DOI:10.1038/ncomms3568. 11. Philippe, B.; Dedryvère, R.; Allouche, J.; Lindgren, F.; Gorgoi, M.; Rensmo, H.; Gonbeau, D.; Edström, K., Nanosilicon electrodes for lithium-ion batteries: Interfacial mechanisms studied by hard and soft X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Chem. Mater., 2012, 24, 1107-1115, DOI:10.1021/ cm2034195. 104 PANEL 2 REPORTPDF Image | Next Generation Electrical Energy Storage
PDF Search Title:
Next Generation Electrical Energy StorageOriginal File Name Searched:
BRN-NGEES_rpt-low-res.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
Sulfur Deposition on Carbon Nanofibers using Supercritical CO2 Sulfur Deposition on Carbon Nanofibers using Supercritical CO2. Gamma sulfur also known as mother of pearl sulfur and nacreous sulfur... More Info
CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)