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THE ILLICIT CRYPTOCURRENCY MINING THREAT Enterprise environments are lucrative targets for illicit mining operations because of the access to high-powered servers and public cloud systems. Attacks of this nature have already gathered public attention when security researchers revealed that Tesla, Aviva, and Gemalto all had their Amazon Web Services cloud infrastructure infiltrated with illicit cryptocurrency mining malware41. When bandwidth and CPU resources of servers and cloud storage become dominated by mining activity, what starts as a parasitizing attack could rapidly morph into something far more disruptive. Taken in aggregate, when criminals install cryptocurrency miners in large enterprise networks, the costs in excess energy usage, degraded operations, downtime, repairs of machines with physical damage, and mitigation of the malware in systems incurred by the victims far outweigh the relatively small amount of cryptocurrency the attackers typically earn on a single network. V. RECOMMENDED BEST PRACTICES Given these potential impacts, illicit cryptocurrency mining is not a victimless or harmless activity. Individuals and enterprises must counter this threat. Detecting threats of any type on a network or an endpoint can be extremely difficult, especially if you don’t know what you’re looking for. The possibility of catching everything is next to impossible. When looking for signs of illicit cryptocurrency mining, you should be using multiple data sources at both the network and endpoint layers. Currently, the most common way of detecting and defending against miners is at the network layer, since they must communicate with an external source to receive new hashes and deliver coins to the appropriate wallet. However, this mining traffic can be very difficult to distinguish from other types of communication as the messages can be short and are often encrypted or obfuscated. Fortunately, defending against illicit cryptocurrency mining does not require specialized security software or radical changes in behavior. Instead, individuals and organizations can employ well- known cybersecurity practices to counter this threat. CTA has developed the following prioritized checklist of detection and mitigation techniques for the enterprise defender, as well as the individual end user to use in their attempts to address illicit mining. HOW TO DETECT AND OBSTRUCT ILLICIT MINING OPERATIONS AND MALWARE ENTERPRISE DEFENDERS • Identify known good traffic and use machine learning or other artificial intelligence technologies to identify non-typical behaviors and provide baselining for legitimate network traffic42. • Monitor for abnormal power consumption and CPU activity. When dealing with less sophisticated actors, this can be an early detection for mining operations. • Check system privilege policies and grant administrative privileges only to personnel for whom performing administrative functions is essential. • Search DNS query logs for text strings related to cryptocurrency mining, i.e. searching for Bitcoin, Crypto, Cryptonight, Pool, BTC, XMR, Monero, Minergate, CoinHive and/or Zcash. • Check running processes for command-line arguments used by cryptocurrency mining software, i.e. “xmr,” “MinerD,” “cpuminer,” 41 https://blog.redlock.io/cryptojacking-tesla 42 https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/threats/detecting-crypto-currency-mining-corporate-environments-35722 18PDF Image | ILLICIT CRYPTOCURRENCY MINING THREAT
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