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THE ILLICIT CRYPTOCURRENCY MINING THREAT “kworker,” “mshelper,” “-zpool,” “-zpsw,” “-zwal,” “—farm-recheck,” “-ewal,” “-epool,” “-esw,” “-no- fee,” “stratum+tcp,” “—max-cpu-usage=,” “— donate-level=,” “cgminer.” • Monitor firewall and web proxy logs; look for domains associated with known cryptocurrency mining pools or browser-based coin miners, e.g., coinhive[.]com43. • Block communication protocols for mining pools. • Conduct real-time performance and system monitoring, e.g., Intrusion Detection Software (IDS) to perform pattern matching to spot specific strings/patterns in network traffic. You can use applications such as Snort to create pattern matching and utilize open-source IDS signatures for maintaining rules for IDSs. • Blacklisting network traffic. Organizations can block IPs, SSL certificates, and domains of mining sites. However, they should be aware that many of these sites now rank inside Alexa’s top 1 million most popular, a standard list used in whitelisting known legitimate sites44, and thus ordinarily would not be blocked. • Apply application whitelisting. Use application whitelists to prevent unknown executables from launching autonomously. • Consistently keep up-to-date with latest vulnerabilities and patch servers. Often, illicit mining malware is delivered to servers via scan-and-exploit campaigns. Popular targets include servers such as Oracle Weblogic, Struts 2, and Jenkins. • Strengthen FTP servers if they allow anonymous logins. Actors have been observed targeting anonymous FTP servers to install illicit mining worms. • Monitor traffic for abnormal get requests. Malicious actors have been observed pulling down malware from file servers post-exploit. • Look for outgoing connections over typical mining ports like 3333, 4444, and 8333. Note that pool mining, which is used in the majority of illicit cryptocurrency mining, will generally occur over ports 8080 and 443, and not these ports. • Monitor for signs of persistence, e.g., runkeys, WMI, or scheduled tasks. Snort is an open-source network intrusion prevention system, capable of performing real-time traffic analysis and packet logging on IP networks. Snort rules can be useful in preventing miners from being downloaded, as well as in blocking mining commands, access to mining pools, and to the command and control infrastructure of the malware itself. Using Snort, organizations can also block SSL certificates used by Monero, CryptoNight, Coinhive, AuthedMine, and other cryptocurrencies. Snort has three categories of rules dealing with mining: 1. Rules blocking incoming clients, including downloads of miners: SIDs: 44692-44693, 45265-45268, 45809- 45810, 45949-45952, 46365-46366, 46370-46372 2. Malware variants specifically known to mine cryptocurrency on victim networks: SIDs: 20035, 20057, 26395, 28399, 28410-28411, 29493- 29494, 29666, 30551-30552, 31271-31273, 31531-31533, 32013, 33149, 43467-43468, 44895-44899, 45468- 45473, 45548, 45826-45827, 46238-46240 3. Rules identifying common Stratum protocols, focusing on identification, and blocking of protocols used by cryptocurrency workers: SIDs: 26437, 40840-40842, 45417, 45549-45550, 45825, 45955 43 https://www.csoonline.com/article/3267572/encryption/how-to-detect-and-prevent-crypto-mining-malware.html 44 https://blog.netlab.360.com/file/top_web_mining_sites. txt 19PDF Image | ILLICIT CRYPTOCURRENCY MINING THREAT
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