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THE ILLICIT CRYPTOCURRENCY MINING THREAT END USERS (CONSUMER SOFTWARE, SAFE BEHAVIOR) • Use strong passwords. Passwords should consist of at least 16 characters, or use a password manager to generate stronger, random passwords. • Change default usernames and passwords immediately, to a sufficiently strong and unique password. • Install up-to date anti-virus software. Anti-virus endpoints can use indicators of compromise (IOCs) to trigger when cryptocurrency miner commands are detected. • Keep software and operating systems updated. Installing software updates prevents attackers from taking advantage of known vulnerabilities. • Download browser extensions that protect against browser-based cryptocurrency mining, e.g., MinerBlock and NoCoin. Download with caution and make sure you are downloading from reputable sites. • Uninstall unused software and disable unnecessary services. These unnecessary applications can be a vector for attackers to compromise your system i.e. JavaScript, macros, and PowerShell. • Monitor for abnormal, high fan usage or routine instances of high CPU loads. • Monitor for changes in the computer’s sleep and hibernation modes, which could be changed by malicious actors to continue mining operations when the user is away from the machine. • Technical users can also check command lines for cryptocurrency miners as well as implement 45 https://gitlab.com/ZeroDot1/CoinBlockerLists/issues/1 46 https://attack.mitre.org/wiki/Technique/T1077 a firewall and update it with rules to block unwanted connections to well-known mining pools. Many of these malicious websites can be found at coinblockerlist45. LATERAL MOVEMENT AND EXECUTION OF CRYPTOCURRENCY MINERS There are three key steps that malicious actors must take to get malware, including malicious miners, into a network and installed onto systems. First, they have to gain the appropriate access, often by conducting various credential attacks such as stealing hashes, tokens, cached credentials, or tickets. Mining malware often uses Mimikatz for this purpose. Next, they leverage this access to copy their malware from system to system. Mining malware has been known to just simply copy the malware through scripts or with the use of PSEXEC to Windows admin shares such as C$, ADMIN$, and IPC$, which are usually available on many networks today. These shares are hidden network shares that are only accessible to administrators, which provide them with the ability to perform remote file copy, as well as other administrative functions. Network defenders can prevent attackers from using Windows admin shares using the following best practices46: 1. Make sure that local administrator passwords are not reused on other accounts. 2. Make sure passwords are complex. 3. Deny remote use of local admin credentials to log into a system. 4. Monitor remote login events and associated SMB activity for file transfers. 20PDF Image | ILLICIT CRYPTOCURRENCY MINING THREAT
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