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Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, x FOR PEER REVIEW 3 of 14 Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 5638 3 of 14 to create composite films with improved moisture resistance due to the hydrophobic na- ture of lipids [33,34]. creaFteucnocmtipoonsailt-eefidlimblsew-fitlhmismwpirtohvebdiomacotiisvtuerperroepsiesrtatinecse(dFuigeutoreth1e) ahryeddroepshigonbeicdnfaotrucreonsum- of lipids [33,34]. ers who are concerned with nutritional and health aspects, in addition to the sustainability Functional-edible-films with bioactive properties (Figure 1) are designed for consumers expected for biopolymeric films [35,36]. These packages are edible and contain bioactive who are concerned with nutritional and health aspects, in addition to the sustainability substances, such as prebiotics, probiotics, marine oils, and flavonoids [37], which can pro- expected for biopolymeric films [35,36]. These packages are edible and contain bioactive mote health benefits for consumers [38,39]. Functional-edible-films represent a technology substances, such as prebiotics, probiotics, marine oils, and flavonoids [37], which can pro- currently emerging as a new strategy, being an innovative approach to the concept of mote health benefits for consumers [38,39]. Functional-edible-films represent a technology functional foods associated with sustainable approaches [40]. currently emerging as a new strategy, being an innovative approach to the concept of functional foods associated with sustainable approaches [40]. Figure 1. Overview of functional edible films and their actions. Figure 1. Overview of functional edible films and their actions. A great advantage of functional-edible-films is that they allow bioactive compounds to A great advantage of functional-edible-films is that they allow bioactive compounds be transported stably through the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and reach the intestine to be transported stably through the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and reach the in- where they can bind with the intestinal epithelial mucosa and later be translocated to the testine where they can bind with the intestinal epithelial mucosa and later be translocated lymphatic system. Edible films containing bioactive compounds must not release bioactive to the lymphatic system. Edible films containing bioactive compounds must not release molecules or disintegrate in the upper part of the GIT, where these molecules are not or bioactive molecules or disintegrate in the upper part of the GIT, where these molecules are poorly absorbed. Functional-edible-films must be resistant to pH changes and the are not or are poorly absorbed. Functional-edible-films must be resistant to pH changes action of digestive enzymes. In addition, the release of ‘cargo’ molecules must be carefully anstdudthieda,catsiothneotfydpeigoefstpiovleymenezryumseds.inInfialmddditeivoenlo,pthmeernetlewaislleionffl‘uceanrcgeot’hmeoalmecoulnetsomfustbe bioactive agent in the medium, since the material properties depend on the interaction of carefully studied, as the type of polymer used in film development will influence the the biopolymer with the bioactive agent [41]. amount of bioactive agent in the medium, since the material properties depend on the The term ‘bioactive films’ is mostly used by the scientific community to describe interaction of the biopolymer with the bioactive agent [41]. edible films loaded with bioactive compounds capable of promoting beneficial effects for The term ‘bioactive films’ is mostly used by the scientific community to describe ed- health [7,41–43]. However, some studies have used this terminology to describe active films ible films loaded with bioactive compounds capable of promoting beneficial effects for that have beneficial effects on food, such as antimicrobial and antioxidant activities [44–48]. health [7,41–43]. However, some studies have used this terminology to describe active In this review, we propose a new terminology, ‘functional-edible-films’, to describe edible films that have beneficial effects on food, such as antimicrobial and antioxidant activities films capable of providing beneficial effects for human health. [44–48]. In this review, we propose a new terminology, ‘functional-edible-films’, to de- 3. Curcumin: A Bioactive Molecule with Potential for Edible Bioactive Film scribe edible films capable of providing beneficial effects for human health. Production Bioactive compounds are phytochemicals that can be extracted from food or food 3. Curcumin: A Bioactive Molecule with Potential for Edible Bioactive Film Produc- byproducts to provide health benefits or modulate metabolic processes [49]. Curcumin tion is an active ingredient in turmeric that is extracted from the root of turmeric (Curcuma longBa)i,obaecltoivnegincogmtoptohuenZdinsgaibrerapcheyateofcahmeimlyic[5a0ls]. tChuartcucamninbies eaxstyrmacmteedtrifcraolmofoleocduleor food bychparroadctuecrtizsetdo bpyrotwviodoerhtheoamlthethboexnyepfihtsenoorlimc gordoulpastecomnenteacbteodlibcyparosceevsesne-sca[r4b9o].nCchuaricnumin is and an enol form of β-diketone [51,52] (Figure 2). In addition to its anti-inflammatory, an active ingredient in turmeric that is extracted from the root of turmeric (Curcuma longa), antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities, curcumin has demonstrable beneficial effects belonging to the Zingiberaceae family [50]. Curcumin is a symmetrical molecule charac- terized by two orthomethoxyphenolic groups connected by a seven-carbon chain and an enol form of β-diketone [51,52] (Figure 2). In addition to its anti-inflammatory, antimicro- bial, and antioxidant activities, curcumin has demonstrable beneficial effects on humanPDF Image | Edible Bioactive Film with Curcumin
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