PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 006
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 5638 6 of 14 and in vivo studies compared to free curcumin crystals by encapsulating curcumin in sophorolipid-coated nanoparticles. Liu et al. [84] reported that micelles based on amphiphilic starch and curcumin were able to achieve a sustained release of ~55% curcumin over a 7-h period of intestinal sim- ulation. Gómez-Mascaraque et al. [85] observed that hybrid nanostructures based on phosphatidylcholine liposomes inside a matrix of wood-polymer composite prepared by electrospray for delivery of curcumin were able to increase their bioaccessibility by ~1.7 times compared to the free compound. Emulsion-based systems have been described as excellent carriers of lipophilic cur- cumin for improving its stability and bioavailability. Aditya et al. [86] revealed that encapsulation of curcumin in a dual water-in-oil-in-water emulsion increased its bioaccessi- bility by 4-fold (72%) compared to free curcumin (16%). In another work, Zheng et al. [87] developed curcumin-based nanoemulsions using three different methods: (i) conventional oil loading, (ii) heat driven, and (iii) pH driven. The formulations showed similar bioac- cessibility values using the GIT simulator (74–79%), ~7–8 times higher than the curcumin solution (10%). This suggests that encapsulating curcumin in small lipid particles may be advantageous for improving its absorption in the GIT [84]. Studies have revealed that the type of carrier oil used in the formulation of nanoemul- sions affects the bioaccessibility of curcumin. Ahmed et al. [88] evaluated the effect of triacylglycerol molecular weight on curcumin bioaccessibility. Emulsions containing only short-chain triacylglycerols within the carrier lipid showed only about 1% bioaccessi- bility, while emulsions formulated with long-chain triacylglycerols and medium-chain triglycerides showed bioaccessibility of ~40% and ~20%, respectively. The increase in bioac- cessibility in emulsions formulated with long-chain triacylglycerols and medium-chain triglycerides is related to the presence of mixed micelles. Shah, Zhang, Li, and Li [89] reported that curcumin-based nanoemulsions with medium-chain triglycerides had a bioaccessibility of 32%, while nanoemulsions produced with long-chain triacylglycerols had a bioaccessibility of 65%. The bioaccessibility of cur- cumin may increase with increasing total lipid content due to the increase in mixed micelles available to solubilize curcumin. However, bioaccessibility may not increase when the amount of lipids is higher than a certain content because the lipid phase is not fully di- gested, which results in an incomplete release of curcumin from the droplets to the mixed micelle phase. Other approaches have been developed using curcumin loaded into colloidal par- ticles based on the pH shift method [87,90]. Curcumin molecules are deprotonated at pH values < 8.0 and have poor water solubility. However, this molecule is protonated at pH ≥ 12 with high water solubility. This pH dependence involves the pKa of curcumin to encapsulate the hydrophobic interiors of colloidal particles. Pan, Luo, Gan, Baek, and Zhong [90] used this method to encapsulate curcumin in casein nanoparticles at 0.4 mg/mL, showing an improvement in its anti-proliferative activity using human colorectal (HCT-116) and pancreatic cancer (BxPC3) cells. The encapsulation of curcumin may be a strategy to enhance its application functional- edible-films for food, contributing to the protection and increase of the bioaccessibility of this compound, contributing to a greater effectiveness related to its beneficial effects on health. Each encapsulation system has advantages and disadvantages depending on the purposes, and many points must be taken into consideration to decide the most suitable according to the application needs. These systems can therefore be used in foods specifically designed to increase the overall oral bioavailability of one or more types of co-ingested bioactive agents. 5. Functional-Edible-Films Containing Curcumin Curcumin incorporation as a bioactive agent in functional-edible-films or -coatings has attracted interest because of the potential health benefits (Figure 4). Substantial in vitroPDF Image | Edible Bioactive Film with Curcumin
PDF Search Title:
Edible Bioactive Film with CurcuminOriginal File Name Searched:
ijms-23-05638.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
Heat Pumps CO2 ORC Heat Pump System Platform More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)