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ABTS methods, respectively. Roy and Rhim et al. [93] reported that the addition o h m 5 a a S g n u p ] Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 5638 curcumin to films based on carboxymethylcellulose and zinc oxide significantly incre the antioxidant activity of the films to 40.2% and 92.5% in the DPPH and ABTS met respectively. These studies represent a preliminary means of assessing the health-pro ing effects of bioactive edible films developed with curcumin. 7 of 14 In vitro studies have also revealed that edible films based on biopolymers inco rated with curcumin may have antimicrobial activity [95]. Rostami and Esfahani [9 studies have been carried out using curcumin in edible films, exhibiting an increase in their ported that nanocomposite films based on Melissa officinalis seed gum films incorpor antioxidant properties (Table 1) [21,36,44,91–93]. Roy and Rhim et al. [44] reported that with montmorillonite and curcumin showed antimicrobial activity against Escherichi the incorporation of curcumin in poly(lactic acid)-based films increased the antioxidant Bacialclutivsictyereevuaslu,atnedbByatchiellDusPPsuHbatnildisA.TBaTSghmientihaodestfarlo.m[916.8]%obansedr3v.1edtot7h6a.6t%eadnidbl9e4.f7i%lm,sbase respectively, by the addition of 1.5% curcumin by weight. Meanwhile, Xiao et al. [94] Lalle-mantia iberica seed mucilage incorporated with curcumin showed antimicrobi observed that curcumin addition increased the antioxidant activity of films based on tivity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, and Penicillium expansum. soy protein isolates and cellulose nanocrystals by ~25–35% and ~10–20% in the DPPH ilarly, Manna et al. [97] demonstrated that curcumin-loaded carboxymethylated guar and ABTS methods, respectively. Roy and Rhim et al. [93] reported that the addition can effectively inhibit the growth of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. O of 1% curcumin to films based on carboxymethylcellulose and zinc oxide significantly increased the antioxidant activity of the films to 40.2% and 92.5% in the DPPH and ABTS other hand, Musso et al. [15] indicated that curcumin-loaded gelatin film (0.02% w/v) methods, respectively. These studies represent a preliminary means of assessing the health- no antimicrobial effect against E. coli, S. enteritidis, B. cereus, and S. aureus. promoting effects of bioactive edible films developed with curcumin. Matrix Poly (lactic acid) Soy protein isolate Effects/Results Positively affected: mechanical and UV-barrier properties and antioxidant activity.Negatively affected: contact angle and water vapor permeability. Positively affected: color and antioxidant activity. Reference Akhtar et al. [98] Xiao et al. [88] Figure 4. Overview of possible beneficial health effects of bioactive edible films containing curcumin. Figure 4. Overview of possible beneficial health effects of bioactive edible films containing c min. In vitro studies have also revealed that edible films based on biopolymers incorpo- rated with curcumin may have antimicrobial activity [95]. Rostami and Esfahani [95] reported that nanocomposite films based on Melissa officinalis seed gum films incorporated Tabwleit1h.mPorinmtmaroyrileloffneictetsaonfdcurcuminsihnocworepdoarnatiimonicronbitahl eacptirvoitpyeargtiaeisnsotfEesdchiebrliechbiaiocaolcit,ive bio merBicacfillmuss.cereus, and Bacillus subtilis. Taghinia et al. [96] observed that edible films based on Lalle-mantia iberica seed mucilage incorporated with curcumin showed antimicrobial activMityatargiaxinst Escherichia coli, BacilluEsffcercetus/,RBeacsiullultsssubtilis, and Penicillium expRaenfsuemre.nce Similarly, Manna et al. [97] demonstrated that curcumin-loaded carboxymethylated guar Positively affected: mechanical and UV- gum can effectively inhibit the growth of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. On barrier properties and antioxidant activity. the other hand, Musso et al. [15] indicated that curcumin-loaded gelatin film (0.02% w/v) Poly(lactic acid) Negatively affected: contact angle and Akhtar et al. [98 had no antimicrobial effect against E. coli, S. enteritidis, B. cereus, and S. aureus. water vapor permeability. Table 1. Primary effects of curcumin incorporation on the properties of edible bioactive biopolymeric films.PDF Image | Edible Bioactive Film with Curcumin
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