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Meeting abstracts: UNITECR 2022: Refractories as a global industry 17TH BIENNIALWORLDWIDE CONGRESS 0N REFRACTORIES Study of the addition of a chemical mix additive and curing temperature on the setting time and mechanical properties of no-cement castable By Ângelo Cristante Reno Refractories, Inc., USA Tight installation schedules and economic pressures are potential drawbacks for castable installation and performance. Many factors influence the setting behavior and the properties of no-cement castable refractories, including temperature and chemical composition. In this study, the setting behavior and the mechanical properties of a no-cement castable were analyzed, varying the amount of a chemical additive mix and curing temperature. The chemical additive mix concentration was varied from 0 wt% to 1 wt%. The curing temperature was varied from low (4°C/40°F) to high (40°C/104°F). The mechanical properties were charac- terized by cold crushing strength (CCS). A variance in the pH level drastically increased the setting time of the castable. Mechanical properties on green samples showed lower strength for castables with a higher concentration of the additive mix. This difference in performance is the result of the lower pH preventing the formation of a chain mechanism in the no- cement castable bonded with colloidal silica. https://doi.org/10.1002/ces2.10116 n Use of dilatometer to screen refractory raw materials By Somnath Mandal and Manoj K. Mahapatra University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA Sudden shortage of a particular raw material due to freight disruptions, competitive market, and COVID-19 restrictions have frequently forced the refractory indus- try to rapidly develop alternative formulations using available low-cost materials. These alternative ingredients might cursorily appear to have similar total impurity content, but the presence of certain impurity combinations depending on the refractory type can produce more fluid liquid phase at high temperature, thereby drastically reducing hot strength. Undetected by the commonly used X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, the low-cost material might differ in mineral-phase content, whose phase transformations during firing might create excessive expansion, producing warpage of the refractory along with a high porosity that reduces strength and corrosion resistance. Finally, those cheap raw materials might have similar sieve analysis to that of the standard ingredient but might have much lower tapped density, which would introduce detrimental porosity into the resulting refractory. Hence, time-consuming trials are often performed. Dilatometer studies on pressed or cast samples in a single test can identify reaction temperatures of spinel or mullite formation, which expand during firing, along with the amount of expansion and exact times at which firing needs to be done. It can also compare relative shrinkage due to liquid-phase forma- tion among impure raw materials like recycled grogs or low-grade ores. Finally, dilatometric step scan is shown as a fast technique to prepare in-house, low-cost reactive spinel powder, which can also work for mullite. https://doi.org/10.1002/ces2.10113 n Refractories from fire to FIRE By Michel Rigaud and Jacques Poirier Emeritus Professors from Polytechnique Montréal, Canada Abrief description of the evolution of the making and usage of crucible and heat containing linings to the development of today's eco-designed refrac- tories materials is offered to illustrate the gigantic steps the refractory constituency has accomplished. Eco for Ecological, Economical, Eco-Energetical. That is fire to FIRE. To prolong Professor T. Planje’s vision, the research and education needs are to be secured. This will require unified efforts of all stakeholders of our brotherhood. A brief descrip- tion of FIRE’s role for such a purpose is hence recalled, insisting on the implementation of the conception, design, implementation, organization (CDIO) approach to support the refractory industry needs for young innovators. https://doi.org/10.1002/ces2.10121 n 36 www.ceramics.org | American Ceramic Society Bulletin, Vol. 101, No. 2 UNITECR 2022 March 15-18, 2022 | Chicago, Ill. USAPDF Image | hydrogen as an alternative fuel
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