PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 003
It consists mainly of a high-pressure pump, a SCO2 generation vessel, two 1000mL Extractors (each of 42cm height and 5.5cm inside diameter), and two low-pressure 1000mL Separators, and a low-temperature CO2 Storage and a Control Unit to view and change the system settings. The schematic of the SFE module used in the present study is the same as published earlier [25]. F. Operational Procedure The operational procedure used in this SFE module was described in detail by S.Roy et al [25]. Initially, a particular type of feed shell (designated as AB1, AB2 or CB) was filled in full with comminuted turmeric samples and placed inside the extractor vessel to carry out the runs. Pressurized solvent CO2 from the pump was allowed to enter the extractor vessel through SCO2 generation vessel to attain the desired extraction pressure. Once the extractor pressure was stabilized, the extract laden SCO2 was expanded to reduce the pressure and recover the essential oil through two successive separators. In all the experiments extraction was continued for a period (tE) of 240 minutes and the samples were collected and weighed at intervals ( of 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, & 240 minutes) using separate sampling bottles and recorded to construct OECs. This SFE unit was equipped with a solvent CO2 recovery system and the recovered solvent was returned back to the low-temperature CO2 storage vessel for reuse. After extraction total yield was centrifuged and the pure essential oil part was separated and stored in a refrigeration unit for further analysis. G. SCO2E using Different Bed Geometry SFE runs to isolate essential oil from turmeric rhizomes using extractors of annulus bed geometry (AB1 & AB2) and conventional cylindrical geometry (CB) was conducted to see the impact of annulus bed geometry over conventional cylindrical geometry and compared with the results as obtained in case of clove oil extraction using SCO2 in the previous study [25]. Extraction experiments of milled turmeric powder of the same particle size were carried out in the same experimental setup, applying the same operating conditions and the same period of extraction, varying only the bed geometry of extractor vessel. All the experimental data such as mass of feed (F), extraction pressure (P), extraction temperature (T), particle size (DP), solvent flow rate (QCO2), initial static period of extraction (tS), period of extraction (tE), yield of extract (as %OY) are provided in Table-1. The extract of oil was expressed as percentage oil yield [%OY = (gm of oil extract /100 gm of extractable mass]. All the assays were replicated twice for double sanguine. Finally, the OECs for all these three-bed geometries were plotted and compared. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-8 Issue-8 June, 2019 Table-1: Experimental Data from the Extractor Performance Study F DP QCO2 T in E P in E T in S1 P in S1 T in S2 P in S2 ts tE QCO2 (gm) (mm) gm/min (0C) (MPa) (0C) (MPa) (0C) (MPa) (min) (min) 500 0.3 10 50 24.5 30 ≈6 25 ≈5 20 240 18.5 F - Mass of feed, QCO2 - Solvent flow, T – Temperature, P - Pressure, E – Extractor, SI – Separator-I, SII – Separator-II, ts - Static period, tE period of extraction gm/min H. Experimental Design and Statistical Analysis The performance of an extraction process to produce essential oil from various plant parts is evaluated in terms of the quantity of extract obtained from the process and the quality of the yield measured in terms of the presence of important bioactive components in dense form. The quantity and quality of oil extracted from vegetable matrix by SFE are influenced by various operating parameters, such as temperature, pressure, particle size, solvent flow rate, time of extraction, use of co-solvent, level of moisture in the feed, porosity of feed bed, extractor bed geometry [28], and their roles on the process may be direct/indirect also independent/interactive in nature [29]. In the present work, the extractor with high performance as obtained from the experimental results of Section-G was chosen for the parametric study of SFE process on turmeric. Three parameters, (i) pressure (X1), (ii) temperature (X2), and (iii) particle size (X3) were chosen to analyze their role in producing turmeric oil efficiently and optimize them to maximize the yield. For SCO2E processes, the statistical optimization procedures were applied extensively to find out optimal operating conditions that ensure either the maximum oil yield or yield with the maximum targeted bioactive component. The methods of statistical analysis examine various possible interactions of the process variables during optimization [30]. In statistics, central composite design (CCD) is a useful tool under Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for modeling various technological processes by fitting a second-order mathematical relation between the process variables and one or more response variable(s). In this work, face-centered central composite design (FC-CCD) strategy was applied to build a statistical model equation that explores the relations between optimizing parameters X1, X2 and X3 of SCO2E (for a particular bed geometry) and dependent response %OY of turmeric. For experimental design, values of three process parameters X1, X2, and X3 were expressed at three levels as (−1), (0) and (+1) and FC-CCD required responses (%OY) resulting from the experiments conducted for twenty different combinations of these three independent process variables. Three levels of the process variables pressure, temperature and particle size of the present study are given in Table-2. The temperature levels were chosen following the previously published works [6, 15]. In selecting pressure levels, (i) highest pressure of 27.5MPa was chosen considering the design pressure of the extractor (29.42 MPa) and (ii) lowest pressure of 21.6 MPa was selected considering the favorable pressure data recommended for turmeric extraction (at least 26MPa) [15]. Two particle sizes were selected above the recommended size (≈0.45mm) of previous researchers [6, 15] to study the influence of modified bed geometry to overcome the negative impact of larger particle size. All the 20 experiments of FC-CCD generated combinations were Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering 325 & Sciences Publication Retrieval Number: H6344068819/19©BEIESPPDF Image | Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Essential Oil from Turmeric
PDF Search Title:
Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Essential Oil from TurmericOriginal File Name Searched:
H6344068819.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
Heat Pumps CO2 ORC Heat Pump System Platform More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |