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6 Research 8 4 0 –4 –8 –12 –16 –20 𝛤XSY𝛤 5 4 3 2 1 0 𝛤- X 𝛤- Y 12 8 4 0 –4 –8 –12 –16 0.1 0.4 0.7 q (Å–1) 1.0 0.1 –0.7 0.4 0.0 0.7 1.0 q (Å–1) 0.7 1.4 2.1 (d) (a) LE mode HE mode Graphene SP (c) Log10 (Im[𝜀]) –20 𝛤XSY𝛤 (b) Figure 5: The electron band structure of borophene through (a) PBE and (b) HSE06 functional, respectively. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [35]. Copyright 2016 Royal Society of Chemistry. (c, d) The Ґ-X and Ґ-Y directions of dielectric function. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [52]. Copyright 2009 American Physical Society. mechanism [61]. The intensity of photoacoustic amplitude produced a forceful shock wave and led to explosion like a firecracker at the nanoscale. The conversion from optical energy to acoustic energy could lead to a new discovery for using small-sized material as underlying therapeutic agents for cancer cell destruction [59]. For example, borophene can enter the cell at a very small size; the photoacoustic energy can be used both for cancer therapeutics and to generate acoustic waves on small- grained materials; it can lay a foundation for the application of efficient optical image generation in the future. The stress and pressure coming into being on the surface of nanomater- ial during the photoacoustic therapy process can also be applied to photocontrolled release of anticancer drugs, iRNA, and proteins from the surface of small-sized material into the cells. Cancer is killed without giving rise to drug resistance and toxicity since such a photoacoustic process is a physical response that occurs in a short period of time. These new dis- coveries will be useful for the application of the photoacous- tic properties and small-sized material structures in cancer therapeutic approaches [59]. The in vivo and in vitro results presented by Ji et al. proved the huge potential of the B-PEG (boron surface mod- ification with polyethylene glycol) nanosheet for cancer photothermal chemotherapy [62]. They also developed the potential of the near-infrared light-induced hyperthermia of B-PEG nanosheet. The temperature of aqueous solution con- tains boron which was much higher than the pure aqueous solution under the same condition of NIR laser. The huge temperature variation further confirmed that our efforts are needed for preparation of the single-layer borophene. Because of its high photothermal conversion efficiency, boron nanosheet can be developed into effective materials for tumor treatment [62]. 2.4. Metallic Properties. Metallicity is the most famous char- acter of borophene in comparison with other semiconductors (e.g., phosphorene) or semimetals (e.g., silicene and gra- phene). Differing from bulk boron allotropes, borophene reveals metallicity which is in consistence with the anticipa- tions of a greatly anisotropic 2D metal [25]. STS notarizes the metallicity of borophene through current-voltage curves, as shown in Figure 6(a), and the dI/ dV spectra, as shown in Figure 6(b), which measure the DOS [25]. On the one hand, borophene is able to resist a large load, until the failure. On the other hand, the reactivity of borophene helps covalent bonding to the base that capac- itates useful load transfer. Plenty of structural information on borophene also promoted researches on their electronic transport capacities. Meanwhile, if it holds a 2D structure, boron starts to display interesting metallic properties [46]. In particular, borophene could take along a high conductive Energy (eV) Energy (eV) Energy (eV)PDF Image | Two-Dimensional Borophene
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