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Research 17 Adsorption region Charge up Discharge (a) 0.5 0.0 –0.5 –1.0 –1.5 –2.0 –2.5 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 –0.2 Figure 16: (a) CO2 molecules adsorbed negatively charged borophene more strongly after the addition of extra electrons to the adsorbent. (b) CO2 adsorption energy of borophene with extra electrons at B3 site and the charge transfer from borophene to CO2 molecule as functions of charge densities. The adsorption region is represented by the gray region. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [105]. Copyright 2017 American Chemical Society. resolution, and image sharpness [107–109]. Because B-PEG NSs prepared by 2D borophene showed excellent photother- mal performance, Ji et al. conducted in-depth research on the prospective of B-PEG NSs as PA carrier in mice [62]. Because of its excellent properties in depth resolution 3D shadow, sensitive dexterity, stereo resolution, and image sharpness, PA shadow has become one of the most promising biophotonic radiation diagnosis methods. Because of the excellent photothermal properties of B-PEG NSs in this study, the possibility of using B-PEG NSs as PA carrier in mice was experimentally investigated. As observed in Figure 17(a) with the increase of B-PEG NSs concentration, PA signal also becomes stronger and stronger. On the other hand, it can also be seen from Figure 17(c) that there is a good linear relation- ship between PA signal and B-PEG NSs concentration, so it can be inferred that B-PEG NSs is a good PA reagent. And as time went on, it was found that the PA signal became stronger and stronger, it is shown in Figure 17(b). As shown in Figures 17(d) and 17(e), the changes in body temperature of mice in different treatment groups were recorded by infrared thermography, and it was found that the body temperature of mice in the group receiving near-infrared irradiation was significantly lower than that in the group without exposure. In addition, a large num- ber of statistics and experiments have found that mice treated with chemotherapy-photothermal combination ther- apy showed extremely high tumor growth inhibition, indicat- ing the good therapeutic effect of B-PEG/DOX NSs. As shown in Figure 17(f), the volume of tumor generated in mice can be clearly seen by comparison. The treatment has not found disturbing side effects such as abnormal weight loss (Figure 17(g)), eating, drinking, activity, or neurological problems. 4.3.2. Biosensor. In the field of biomedicine, borophene as a nanomaterial has been widely studied and paid attention to because of its good flexibility. This is because borophene has excellent molecular, physical, and mechanical properties in strip and tubular conformations. In the biomedical applications of nanomaterials, boro- phene is often used as a 2D nanomaterial combined with other metals and semiconductor materials to improve the performance of biological applications without any negative effects [28]. DNA sequencing has been realized by different methods through the determination of base sequence, which has a great impact on the decoding of human biological code [110–112]. However, the application of nanomaterials in this technology will greatly accelerate the research of biology and medicine [82, 113–118]. Borophene is effectively used for biosensors. By testing the energy and electron sensitivity of 2D borophene to the four bases (adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), and cyto- sine (C)) on top of biological DNA, the scientists found that different bases attached to borophene produce different con- ductivities, resulting in different electrical signals. In addition, Das et al. also measured the sensitivity of borophene to differ- ent bases, A > G > C > T [119]. Thus, borophene nanosheets could be used in biological DNA sequencing devices. Through the test and calculation, Rastgou et al. found that because the electronic sensitivity of borophene in differ- ent bases is different, the conductivity of borophene alkene will be different because of the action of different bases, as shown in Figure 18. In addition, the energy sensitivity of borophene alkene to different bases is also different, so the borophene alkene will have a broad application prospect in biological DNA sequencing [120]. Borophene looks more exciting than graphene. The “next generation of super nanomaterials” may be on the way. The borophene is expected to have a broader application and rev- olutionize energy, sensors, catalysts, and many other fields. 5. Challenge and Perspectives This review systematically summarizes and classifies the recent developments of the borophene in terms of fabrica- tions, properties, and various applications. We also provide our vital insights in the next discussions, aiming at placing 0 10 20 30 40 Charge density (1013 e–/cm–2) (b) Eads (eV) Charge transfer (e–)PDF Image | Two-Dimensional Borophene
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