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370 from the roller into a water-bath ash discharger that cools the residue. The water also seals the bottom of the furnace, which is slightly below atmospheric pressure. The cooling ash residue is pushed by a ram out of the water bath, up an inclined surface, and into a compartment where water is allowed to drain off and evaporate from the residue for fifteen minutes. The ash residue then falls to a conveyor, where it is transported to the ash house. There, salvageable metals are separated and recycled. The remaining ash is then trucked to a sanitary landfill. The plant achieves about a 90% reduction in refuse volume delivered to the landfill. In the furnaces, the combustion gas from the burning MSW on the grates heats the water in the welded-membrane water walls of the furnaces and the various steam generator tube banks (8-12). Each of the steam generators produces 88,500 lbm/hr of steam at 680 psia and 700°F. The entire steam production passes in a 12- inch underground steam line to a refinery about a mile away, for process use. In figure 9.25, the refinery process plant utilizing the steam is located just beyond the tank farm in the upper left. A steam turbine and generator set rated at 16 MW is available for electrical generation as an alternative to refinery use of steam production. The electricity may be used on site or sold to the local electric utility. After leaving the economizer (12), combustion gas passes into an electrostatic precipitator (14), where most of the fly ash remaining from the numerous passes through the boiler is collected. The precipitators have automatic rapping systems that free the collected particles, allowing them to drop into flyash hoppers to be transported to the residue conveyor. Induced-draft fans (16) transport the cleaned combustion gas from the precipitators to the stacks. Tulsa’s Walter B. Hall Resource Recovery Facility, described here, is an environmentally sound example of an increasing number of facilities operating or under construction. These facilities typically are externally neat and are suited for operation in industrial and some commercial locations. Massive reductions in waste volumes are achieved in these facilities, with the possibility of generating steam for process use, district heating, and steam turbine generation of electricity. In resource recovery facilities of differing design, fluidized bed combustors might be employed, and the released refuse heat might instead be used in connection with closed-cycle gas turbines or other heat-driven devices. 9.10 Polytropic Efficiency To this point the performance of turbomachinery has been represented by isentropic efficiencies. In comparisons of turbomachines with differing pressure ratios, the use of the isentropic efficiency gives an undeserved advantage to some machines over others with different pressure ratios. Another approach to efficiency, called the small-stage efficiency or polytropic efficiency, is considered here as an alternative and, under certain circumstances, a more consistent way of representing the quality of turbine and compressor performance.PDF Image | Advanced Systems Steam Power Plant
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