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This configuration is about 29% more fuel-efficient over a 900 nm mission (design range of 3,500nm) than a Boeing 737-800 with CFM56 engines. Additional wing-weight optimizations of this design combined with an open rotor could potentially lead to a block fuel saving of up to 53% [36] compared to the evolutionary baseline fleet. Its EIS could be feasible around 2040. experience with the unmanned subscale X-48 experimental aircraft. The BWB aircraft design displays a wing blended with the main hull, with two engines and a pair of small vertical fins installed on top of the rear edge of the aircraft. Figure 14: Blended Wing Body designed by DLR Figure 15: NASA X-plane: Blended Wing Body designed by Boeing Small BWB concept DZYNE Technologies, in cooperation with NASA, have developed a small BWB aircraft concept, with a basic design capacity of 120 seats. It shares some of the same features as the large BWB designs described above, however the vertical stabilizer fins on this vehicle are part of the wing tips, appearing as oversized winglets. Optimizing the layout also for a smaller BWB has become possible thanks to a landing gear storage mechanism that needs less height and allows a flatter design of the entire aircraft [39], [41]. This design allows benefits from the advantages of the BWB concept in a market segment with much higher volume than the 400+ seater range targeted by BWBs so far. In particular, the short twin-aisle cabin configuration and the large overhead bins allow easier and shorter passenger boarding and disembarking than in comparable single-aisle aircraft (in average 5 rows to the nearest exit vs 22 for the Figure 13: Strut-braced Wing with Open Rotor designed by NASA/Boeing Blended Wing Body The blended wing body (BWB), also called hybrid wing body (HWB), is mainly a large flying wing, which contains a payload area (passenger cabin or cargo storage area) within its center section. The shape of the center body and the outer wings are smoothly blended. In the past, the flying wing design was mainly used for military aircraft, such as the Northrop B-2 bomber. In civil aviation, the BWB is seen as a typical example of a “futuristic” new aircraft category which could potentially enter into service in civil aviation in the next decades. Its aerodynamic shape allows generating lift by the entire aircraft, which is thus significantly higher than for conventional tube-and-wing configurations. So far, in BWB concepts for civil aviation applications, very large long-range configurations have been favoured, as the aerodynamic benefits are highest in cruise flight and for a large center body area. However, it has recently become possible to also optimize smaller versions of BWBs designed for around 100 passengers on short-haul routes, see below. Out of various BWB concepts, a typical example is the 500-seat design developed at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) with an estimated EIS at the earliest in 2040 [37]. Fuel efficiency forecasts for various large BWB designs typically vary between 27% [38] and around 50% [34] lower than current aircraft of similar size and range. For the new small BWB design, fuel efficiency estimates are around 30% below current reference aircraft [39]. Other examples of BWB concepts are designs developed as part of NASA’s X-plane project [40] [41] [42], where several manufacturers have developed different design ideas for a BWB aircraft. The Boeing design is based on 22PDF Image | Aircraft Technology Roadmap to 2050
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