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Nanomaterials 2019, 9, x FOR PEER REVIEW 8 of 13 cNoanodmuatcetrivales2c0o19p,p9,e7r00tape. It is noted that copper will undergo electrochemical corrosion in sod7ioufm12 chloride solution [41]. The related chemical reaction equations are as follows. Figure 6 shows the electrical measurement of copper TENGs treated with different concentrations of 2Cu + H2O + CO2 + O2 = Cu2(OH)2CO3 sodium chloride solution. Approximate VOC values of 150 V, 101 V, and 70 V; ISC values of 5 μA, 3.4 μA, and 2.1 μA, and output power values of 187 μW, 93 μW, and 40 μW were realized at the aforementioned The basic cupric carbonate produced by the reaction not only affects the electrical output of mass fractions (see Figure 6a–f). Corresponding values of 160 V, 5.7 μA, and 220 μW, which were TENG, but also damages human health. However, the copper–nickel alloy has good corrosion obtained for the untreated TENG, were set as the reference values. Additionally, approximate VOC resistance in the corresponding environment [42]. In order to visualize the corrosion on the surface values, ISC values, and the maximum output power value of TENGs smeared with different mass of the copper foil, we analyzed the elements on the copper foil surface by sodium chloride solution fractions of the chloride solution were compared, as illustrated in Figure 6g–i. The results display that (shown in Figure 8b), and compared the copper foil surface before treatment (shown in Figure 8a). the output performance decreased with the increasing mass fraction of the solution. This decrease can According to the results, the proportion of copper elements on the surface of the treated copper be attributed to the weak corrosion resistance of the conductive copper. decreased obviously, which will influence the electrical output of the TENG. Figure 6. Electrical measurements of three copper TENGs treated with difffferent concentrations of a sodium chllorriideessoolulutitoionn. .(a(–ac,b),Ac)pAprpopxrimoxaitmeaotpeenop-ceirnc-ucirtcvuoilttavgoelt(aVgoec)(Vanodc)(da–nfd) s(hdo,er,tf-)cirschuoirttc-cuirrceunit (cIurr)evnatl(uIeSCs)ovfatlhuestroeaf tehde ctroepaptedr TcEopNpGesr.TCEoNmGpsa.rCisomn opfatrhiseoanpopfrtohxeimapatperoVxoicm(ga)t,eIVoc(h()g,)a, nISdC v(ha)l,uaenodf SC SC vmaaluxeoouftpmuatx(io)uptopwuetr(if)oprothweecrofporpethreTcEoNpGpesr. TENGs. The investigations under the same experimental conditions were performed on the CN-TENG. Based on the experimental results, approximate VOC and ISC values were measured, as shown in Figure 7a–f. Approximate VOC values of 195 V, 191 V, and 187 V; ISC values of 5.8 μA, 5.7 μA, and 5.5 μA; and output power values of 268 μW, 252 μW, and 241 μW, were realized for the treated CN-TENGs. The aforementioned experimental results revealed approximate VOC, ISC, and maximum output power values of 196.8 V, 6 μA, and 270 μW, respectively, for the untreated CN-TENG, and these values were set as the reference values. Additionally, the approximate VOC, ISC, and maximum output power values of the TENGs smeared with different mass fractions of the chloride solution were compared, as presented in Figure 7g–i. According to the figure, each of these values decreased only slightly as the mass fraction of the solution increased. This is attributed to the excellent corrosion resistance of the conductive copper tape with nicked, compared with that of the conductive copper tape. It is noted thatPDF Image | Cost-Effective Copper–Nickel Triboelectric Nanogenerator High-Output Self-Powered Wearable Electronic Systems
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