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International Conference on Mechanical, Materials and Renewable Energy IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Enginee1ri2n3g4357678(920‘1’8“)” 012186 doi:10.1088/1757-899X/377/1/012186 structures can enhance the effective mechanical surface area between two material and hence the output voltage of the TENG. With time the surface structure gets degraded hence, the output voltage of the TENG decreases continuously [35]. Wang et al. used the most efficient renewable energy resource, the water wave energy. In this review, they focused on the comparison of electromagnetic generator and TENG. The working principles of TENG are triboelectric effect and electrostatic induction effect. Electrostatic charges of opposite polarity are developed after the sliding of the surfaces. The electrostatic field forces the charges to flow through external load [36]. Human skin can be used to generate power by fabricating a TENG on the human skin. For better adhesion with the human skin, the thickness of the TENG is taken less than 2.4μm. The plasma treatment was done to produce large contact area surface structure. When the TENG come in contact with the human skin electricity is produced with the fabrics [37]. 2.5. Applications of triboelectric nanogenerators 2.5.1 Application in automobiles A single electrode TENG can be used to harvest the braking energy in vehicles. In case of rolling tires on the ground, the maximum energy loss is due to friction and that energy can be harvested by using a TENG. When a triboelectric material (PDMS) comes in contact with the ground, transfer of electrons take place between the PDMS plate and the ground due to triboelectric effect which is shown in figure 9. Due to continuous rotation of the wheel, there is a non-equilibrium of charges on the surface which leads to the generation of current. It is observed that the electric output from the TENG on wheel increased with the increase in rotation speed of the wheel and the load [3]. Figure 10. Schematic setup of characterising of the friction energy scavenging ability of the TENG from a rolling wheel. [3] A disc-based design of the braking system can be used in automobiles. Waste energy can be harvested during the braking action of a vehicle using the contact and non-contact modes of braking pads having opposite tribo-polarities. The energy was harvested using the principles of triboelectric effect and electrostatic induction process. Efficiency is high in non-contact mode due to reduced friction. Efficiency was found to be directly proportional to rotational speed and inversely proportional to the distance between the discs [38]. 2.5.2 Other different applications Ahmed et al. conducted an experiment in which they used a rotator, stator and layer of fluorinated ethylene propylene as a dielectric material. Two integrated patterned copper electrodes separated by small gaps having direct contact with copper layers were used. Energy was generated due to the rotation of electrodes, on the principle of triboelectric effect and electrostatic induction. Device was 12PDF Image | Critical Review on Triboelectric Nanogenerator
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