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Figure 3-5. Effect of Ambient Temperature on Capacity and Efficiency Source: Solar Turbines, Taurus 7052 Figure 3-5 also shows how inlet air cooling can help to moderate the loss of power and efficiency at higher ambient temperatures. The figure shows that cooling the air entering the turbine by 40 to 50°F on a hot day can increase power output by 15 to 20 percent. The decreased power and efficiency resulting from high ambient air temperatures can be mitigated by any of several approaches to inlet-air cooling, including refrigeration, evaporative cooling, and thermal-energy storage using off-peak cooling. With refrigeration cooling, either a compression driven or thermally activated (absorption chiller) refrigeration cycle cools the inlet air through a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger in the inlet air stream causes an additional pressure drop in the air entering the compressor, thereby slightly lowering cycle power and efficiency. However, as the inlet air is now substantially cooler than the ambient air there is a significant net gain in power and efficiency. Electric motor compression refrigeration requires a substantial parasitic power loss. Thermally activated absorption cooling can utilize waste heat from the gas turbine, reducing the direct parasitic loss. However, the complexity and cost of this approach pose potential drawbacks in many applications. Evaporative cooling, which is widely used due to its low capital cost, uses a spray of water directly into the inlet air stream. Evaporation of the water reduces the temperature of the air. Since cooling is limited to the wet bulb air temperature, evaporative cooling is most effective when the wet bulb temperature is appreciably below the dry bulb (ordinary) temperature. Evaporative cooling can consume large 52 “Taurus 70 Gas Turbine Generator Set”, Solar Turbines A Caterpillar Company. https://mysolar.cat.com/cda/files/1987672/7/ds70gs.pdf Catalog of CHP Technologies 3–11 Combustion TubinesPDF Image | EPA CHP Technologies Combustion Turbines
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