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Table 3-6. Gas Turbine Non-Fuel O&M Costs Cost Component System 1 2 3 4 5 Net Operating Capacity (kW) Turbine O&M ($/kWh) BOP O&M ($/kWh) 3,304 $0.0090 $0.0036 7,038 $0.0090 $0.0033 9,950 $0.0089 $0.0031 20,336 $0.0062 $0.0031 44,488 $0.0062 $0.0030 Total O&M ($/kWh) $0.0126 $0.0123 $0.0120 $0.0093 $0.0092 Source: Compiled by ICF from vendor-supplied data Daily maintenance includes visual inspection by site personnel of filters and general site conditions. Typically, routine inspections are required every 4,000 hours to insure that the turbine is free of excessive vibration due to worn bearings, rotors, and damaged blade tips. Inspections generally include on-site hot gas path boroscope inspections and non-destructive component testing using dye penetrant and magnetic particle techniques to ensure the integrity of components. The combustion path is inspected for fuel nozzle cleanliness and wear, along with the integrity of other hot gas path components. A gas turbine overhaul is needed every 25,000 to 50,000 hours depending on service and typically includes a complete inspection and rebuild of components to restore the gas turbine to nearly original or current (upgraded) performance standards. A typical overhaul consists of dimensional inspections, product upgrades and testing of the turbine and compressor, rotor removal, inspection of thrust and journal bearings, blade inspection and clearances and setting packing seals. Gas turbine maintenance costs can vary significantly depending on the quality and diligence of the preventative maintenance program and operating conditions. Although gas turbines can be cycled, cycling every hour triples maintenance costs versus a turbine that operates for intervals of 1,000 hours or more. In addition, operating the turbine over the rated capacity for significant periods of time will dramatically increase the number of hot path inspections and overhauls. Gas turbines that operate for extended periods on liquid fuels will experience shorter than average overhaul intervals. 3.4.7 Fuels All gas turbines intended for service as stationary power generators in the United States are available with combustors equipped to handle natural gas fuel. A typical range of heating values of gaseous fuels acceptable to gas turbines is 900 to 1,100 Btu per standard cubic foot (scf), which covers the range of pipeline quality natural gas. Clean liquid fuels are also suitable for use in gas turbines. Special combustors developed by some gas turbine manufacturers are capable of handling cleaned gasified solid and liquid fuels. Burners have been developed for medium Btu fuel (in the 400 to 500 Btu/scf range), which is produced with oxygen-blown gasifiers, and for low Btu fuel (90 to 125 Btu/scf), which is produced by air-blown gasifiers. These burners for gasified fuels exist for large gas turbines but are not available for small gas turbines. Contaminants in fuel such as ash, alkalis (sodium and potassium), and sulfur result in alkali sulfate deposits, which impede flow, degrade performance, and cause corrosion in the turbine hot section. Catalog of CHP Technologies 3–15 Combustion TubinesPDF Image | EPA CHP Technologies Combustion Turbines
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