PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 018
Fuels must have only low levels of specified contaminants in them (typically less than 10 ppm total alkalis, and single-digit ppm of sulfur). Liquid fuels require their own pumps, flow control, nozzles and mixing systems. Many gas turbines are available with either gas or liquid firing capability. In general, gas turbines can convert for use with one fuel to another quickly. Several gas turbines are equipped for dual firing and can switch fuels with minimal or no interruption. Lean burn/dry low NOx gas combustors generate NOx emissions levels as low as 9 ppm (at 15 percent O2). Liquid fuel combustors have NOx emissions limited to approximately 25 ppm (at 15 percent O2). There is no substantial difference in general performance with either fuel. However, the different heats of combustion result in slightly higher mass flows through the expansion turbine when liquid fuels are used, and thus result in a small increase in power and efficiency performance. In addition, the fuel pump work with liquid fuel is less than with the fuel gas booster compressor, thereby further increasing net performance with liquid fuels. 3.4.8 Gas Turbine System Availability Operational conditions affect the failure rate of gas turbines. Frequent starts and stops incur damage from thermal cycling, which accelerates mechanical failure. The use of liquid fuels, especially heavy fuels and fuels with impurities (alkalis, sulfur, and ash), radiates heat to the combustor walls significantly more intensely than the use of clean, gaseous fuels, thereby overheating the combustor and transition piece walls. On the other hand, steady operation on clean fuels can permit gas turbines to operate for a year without need for shutdown. Based on a survey of 41 operating gas turbine systems shown in Table 3-7, the average availability of gas turbines operating on clean gaseous fuels, like natural gas, is around 95 percent. Table 3-7. Gas Turbine Availability and Outage Rates Gas Turbines 0.5 to 3 MW 3 to 20 MW 20 to 100 MW Systems Surveyed Availability, % Forced Outage Rate, % Scheduled Outage Rate, % Source: ICF 11 96.12% 2.89% 0.99% 21 94.73% 2.88% 2.39% 9 93.49% 1.37% 5.14% 3.5 Emissions and Emissions Control Options 3.5.1 Emissions Table 3-8 shows typical emissions for each of the five typical turbine systems. Typical emissions presented are based on natural gas combustion showing emissions before and after exhaust treatment using SCR and CO oxidation. Catalog of CHP Technologies 3–16 Combustion TubinesPDF Image | EPA CHP Technologies Combustion Turbines
PDF Search Title:
EPA CHP Technologies Combustion TurbinesOriginal File Name Searched:
catalog_chp_technologies_combustion_turbines.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)