Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters

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Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters ( fundamentals-electric-propulsion-ion-and-hall-thrusters )

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292 Chapter 6 Fig. 6-36. Plasma density contours measured for the NEXIS cathode at the nominal 25-A and 5.5-sccm gas flow discharge condition [43]. potential oscillations in the range of 50–1000kHz have been observed primarily in and around the edge of the plasma ball and in front of the keeper electrode from high-speed scanning emissive probes [46]. These may be the result of the increased Mach number and instabilities described above under certain conditions. 6.8 Hollow Cathode Life Cathode insert life is fundamentally determined either by depletion of the BaO emissive mix impregnated into the dispenser cathodes so that the surface work function is degraded or by evaporation of the emissive material in refractory metal cathodes, such as tungsten and tantalum, and in crystalline cathodes, such as LaB6. The cathode mechanical structure (orifice plate, heater, cathode tube, etc.) also can be worn out or degraded by ion-induced sputtering, which affects the cathode life. The impact on the cathode performance by these two life- limiting fundamental mechanisms is important to understand in designing cathodes for ion and Hall Thrusters. In addition, poisoning of inserts due to impurities in the feed gas or improper exposure to air also can increase the work function and impact cathode life.

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