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Hollow Cathodes 303 and temperature to decrease at a given discharge current, which reduces the evaporation rate of the insert with time. The life of the LaB6 insert for three different cathode diameters versus discharge current was calculated based on the evaporation rate at the temperature required to produce the discharge current in the thermally limited regime [18]. Assuming that 90% of the insert can be evaporated, the cathode life is shown in Fig. 6-47 as a function of the discharge current. Lifetimes of tens of thousands of hours are possible, and the larger cathodes naturally tend to have longer lives. While other mechanisms, such as temperature variations along the insert, LaB6 surface removal, or material build-up due to impurities in the gas, can potentially reduce the life, redeposition of the evaporated LaB6 material will tend to extend the cathode life. Therefore, these life estimates for the different cathode sizes are mostly valid relative to each other, and the actual lifetime of the cathode can be considered to be on the order of the values shown in Fig. 6-47. To obtain an idea of the lifetime of a LaB6 cathode relative to a conventional dispenser cathode, the predictions from a dispenser cathode life model [47] applied to the NSTAR cathode are compared with the 0.8-cm LaB6 cathode life predictions in Fig. 6-48. These two cathodes have similar insert diameters and lengths, and so a direct comparison is possible. The dispenser cathode calculation assumes that barium evaporation from the insert surface causes depletion of nearly all of the barium impregnate at the end of life in the NSTAR dispenser cathode at the measured [33] insert temperature and temperature gradient. This provides an upper limit to the dispenser cathode life if other Fig. 6-47. Calculated lifetime in thousands of hours versus the discharge current for three different LaB6 cathode diameters.PDF Image | Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters
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