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Ion and Hall Thruster Plumes 399 10,000 1,000 100 10 1 0.1 0 20 40 60 80 Plume Angle (deg) Fig. 8-6. Comparison of current density measurements onboard the Express-A spacecraft and computed values (from [5]). Express Data Computed (Te = 11 eV) Computed (Te = 8 eV) Computed (Te = 2 eV) assessing the non-directional ion flux and probes inside graphite collimators (“collimated”). Figure 8-7 shows experimental data [9] from the BPT-4000 Hall thruster at a discharge power of 3 kW and voltage of 300 V using a collimator for energy spectra at different angles with respect to the thruster axis. The angle- independent, high-energy peak at E/q ~ 280 V associated with the main beam is clearly evident. Also apparent is a small-amplitude peak at the lowest energy values of the collimated spectra from the background chamber plasma. This peak was dominant in the uncollimated spectra. Figure 8-7 reveals the existence of secondary current density peaks with relatively high energies compared to the primary resonant charge exchange peak. For example, at an angle of 40 deg, the energy associated with the second maximum is approximately 150 eV. These observed ion-flux crests show a marked energy dependence on angle. In an ideal elastic collision between a moving sphere and an identical stationary sphere, the magnitude of the final velocity for each sphere is proportional to the cosine of the angle between its final velocity and the initial velocity of the moving sphere, and the sphere’s kinetic energy varies with the square of the cosine. Because the retarding potential analyzer (RPA) data in Fig. 8-7 show a peak with energy dependence given roughly by Eb cos2 lab , where Eb is the main ion beam energy and lab is the angle with respect to the thruster axis, these peaks have been attributed to simple elastic scattering (momentum Current Density (μA/cm2)PDF Image | Fundamentals of Electric Propulsion: Ion and Hall Thrusters
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