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14 1942 In April, the GE I-A runs for the first time in a Lynn test cell. In October, it powers the Bell P-59 on its first flight at Muroc Dry Lake, CA. 1929 Haynes Stellite develops Hastelloy alloy for turbine buckets, allowing operation up to gas temperatures of over 1800 F. This superior alloy was later crucial to the successful operation of the I-A and it gave U.S. turbine manufacturers the ability to use uncooled designs rather than include the complexity of blade cooling. By the latter part of 1942, the following “native” aircraft gas turbine efforts were proceeding. These projects included: 1. Northrop Turbodyne turboprop 2 .P&W PT-1 turboprop 3. GE/Schenectady TG-100 turboprop 4. Allis-Chalmers turbine-driven ducted fan 5. NACA piston-driven ducted fan 6. Westinghouse 19A turbojets 7. Turbo Engineering Corporation’s booster-sized turbojet The following timeline contains many of the relevant land based gas turbine design developments. * Note that this also contains some timeline references to aircraft engine development. * Reference: ASME 2001 - GT- 0395 “Advanced gas turbine technology – ABB/ BBC historical firsts” by Eckardt, D., and Rufli, P., ALSTOM Power Ltd. Note: BBC = Brown Boveri Company, ABB = Asea Brown Boveri Switzerland (& Swiss Abroad) 1921 J. Ackeret, high-speed aerodynamics scientist at ETH Zurich, arrives at L. Prandtl’s AVA Aerodynamische Versuchs-Anstalt Gottingen; stays seven years 1925 CEM (G. Darrieus) - a French subsidiary of BBC (Brown Boveri Company) produces a series of windmills, using airfoil design theory. 1926 BBC’s 4 stage axial test compressor designed, first with untwisted blades, later swirl adapted. 1932 BBC sold a number of 11 stage axial compressors, PR= 3.4, for the Mondeville project and high-speed windtunnels at ETH- Zurich and Rome. 1934 C. Keller, assistant to J. Ackeret at ETH Zurich, designed one of the windtunnel blowers (2nd blower for high speed tunnel came from BBC). 1939 A. Meyer, BBC’s Technical Director, presents a comprehensive paper on GT design achievements (including GT usage for compact & lightweight ship/destroyer propulsion) at the Institute of Mechanical Engineering, London • First commercial industrial GT from BBC is operational at Neuchatel • BBC delivers 1st Industrial GT to RAE, 1.6 MW 20 stage axial compressor • In 1940 BBC delivers axial aircraft superchargers, 190 hp, PR=2.5 to complete a RR purchase order Germany (& Germans Abroad) 1922 W. Bauersfeld suggests the use of airfoil theory for fluid machinery 1935 At AVA Gottingen, a 4 stage axial turbocharger, 7 stage compressor design undergoes development (Encke et al. design), PR=3.8 [in production PR=3.1]. 1935 H.P. von Ohain gets a secret turbo-engine patent no.317/38 1937 H.P. von Ohain’s test engine HeS313 runs 1939 The first jet-powered flight He 178 aircraft with HeS313, on Sunday Aug 27, 1939.PDF Image | GAS TURBINES IN SIMPLE CYCLE COMBINED CYCLE APPLICATIONS
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