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Then air enters the diffuser section. The highest total air velocity and maximum compressor pressure is at the inlet of the diffuser. Air moves through the diffuser, which presents the air with an increasing cross sectional area, so the air’s velocity decreases and the static pressure increases. The highest static pressure is at the diffuser outlet. The compressor rotor can be described as an air swallower. The volume of air swallowed by the compressor rotor is proportional to the lowest pressure (in a multiple shaft gas turbine) rotor rpm. However, the altitude at which the gas turbine is located will alter the horsepower (for a mechanical drive) or the power (in watts, kilowatts or Megawatts) that the gas turbine develops. This is because air density decreases with altitude and with increasing air temperature and humidity. That means when the compressor swallows a certain volume of air, that air will be a smaller weight of air, if the gas turbine is at a high altitude, still less if it is a hot day, and still less if it is also a humid day. This smaller weight of air requires a smaller weight of fuel to combine with, and the mixture then produces less power when burned. Note however, that humidity, in comparison with temperature, and pressure altitude, has a much smaller effect on density. In aircraft engine applications, with increased forward speed, ram air pressure increases and air temperature and pressure increase. Ram air pressure is defined as the free stream air pressure created by the forward motion of the aircraft engine. The effect of rise in air intake temperature on power developed by a gas turbine can be noted in figure 24. Fig. 24. Variation of shaft power with inlet air temperature for different configurations of the Rolls Royce Avon Source: Courtesy of Butterworth Heinemann, from “Process Plant Machinery” 2nd edition, Bloch, H. and Soares C., 1998 There are many different compressor designs that result from the manufacturer’s balance of several design factors, including target gas turbine power developed, cost of manufacture, anticipated serviceability factors and so forth. As previously discussed, when the gas turbine is started up, the turbine section will keep the compressor section rotating. The compressor’s efficiency is a key factor in 19PDF Image | GAS TURBINES IN SIMPLE CYCLE COMBINED CYCLE APPLICATIONS
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