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Fuel system As we will see in the section on design development, the gas turbine can run on a very wide variety of fuels that are gaseous, liquid, atomized solid (coal) suspended in gas, or semi-solid (biomass waste liquor). Each of these different fuel types requires its own customized fuel delivery systems with varying combustor residence times. However, most OEMs have standard fuel systems for natural gas, liquid fuel (such as LNG or diesel), dual fuel (gas or liquid) and in the case of manufacturers such as Rolls Royce bi-fuel (both gas and liquid at the same time). See figures 41 through 45. The basic principle of most gas turbines power development revolves around “temperature topping”. A fuel control unit, which in earlier gas turbines is a mechanical device with several cams and contours, controls the fuel flow. In newer engines the control is more like an electronic brain where electronic functions take the place of the mechanical cams. In its simplest form, temperature topping works as follows. Exhaust gas temperature readings tell the turbine’s control system whether the gas turbine needs to be hotter or cooler, for a given operational requirement. That reading then is compared to the fuel flow set point and that set point raised or lowered, as required. Other systems essential to the gas turbine’s operation but not covered in this summary, include: • Compressor wash system (on-line and / or offline) • Engine Condition Monitoring System which incorporates subsystems such as Vibration Analysis, Pulsation Monitoring, and Life Cycle Assessment. • Fuel treatment (see case study in Design Development section) Fig. 41. Liquid fuelled phase 1 gas generator schematic. Source: Courtesy of Butterworth Heinemann, from “Process Plant Machinery” 2nd edition, Bloch, H. and Soares, C., 1998, original source Rolls Royce 30PDF Image | GAS TURBINES IN SIMPLE CYCLE COMBINED CYCLE APPLICATIONS
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