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GT13E2 Fuel Frequency Gross Electrical output Gross Electrical efficiency Gross Heat rate Turbine speed Compressor pressure ratio Exhaust gas flow Exhaust gas temperature NOx emissions (corr.to 15% O2, dry) The following cases are typical of, but cannot fully represent, the end results of contemporary OEM design development projects. The author’s handbook covers several dozen, and they cannot all be condensed or repeated here. These cases feature some OEM methods of maximizing operational convenience and efficiency, while staying within legislative environmental guidelines. They also demonstrate how end-user requirements may shape the course of design development and can moderate an OEM’s focus. Case 1. Gas turbine system features that allow the use of residual oil as a fuel. 4 Case 2. MHI steam cooling design for their highest temperature zones. The steam circuit can be either a closed or an open system type. In the latter case, the steam is released into the gas path of the products of combustion after it has completed its cooling task. 5 Case 3. The use of low BTU “waste liquid” fuel. This case involved what was originally designated Alstom’s GT-10 gas turbine model at the Petrochemical Corporation of Singapore (PCS) plant, Singapore. Highly pertinent to the operation was the use of a “stepper” valve in the fuel system supply. 6 Case 4. Cycle modifications, involving water injection for power augmentation, to boost gas turbine performance. 7 Case 1: Gas turbine system features that allow the use of residual oil as a fuel.4 Mixed fields (that produce both gas and oil) often want to use their oil as fuel. These mixed fields are common in many areas of the world including the offshore fields in Malaysia and the North Sea in Europe. The answer for some owners, who have a grade of oil that is better than residual oil, is to use that as fuel for reciprocating engines that burn crude oil for pipeline mechanical drives. The penalty for using this fuel in gas turbine power generation however, must be carefully weighed for the individual model in question. With or without special design features, gas turbines designed for a (high grade) liquid fuel burn capability, can burn any liquid fuel with a consequential penalty in parts life. It can be done for emergencies as NATO studies for contingency measures in wartime conditions proved. However, gas turbines with oil fuel as an option (to gas), are increasingly popular in many areas of the world. If they can burn residual fuel, they are still more popular. The world, China included, can cheaply import the Middle East’s glut of residual oil. Light oil: There are some gas turbines that can run on light oil with very little penalty in performance versus natural gas. Consider the following data on what was the Alstom GT10, which burns both gas and oil. 4 The author’s Power Generation course notes, extracts from the author’s articles for Asian Electricity and Modern Power Systems and extracts from her book “Environmental Technology and Economics”, (publisher Butterworth Heinemann), on the installation of Alstom (formerly ABB) 13-Ds at the Shunde power plant in Guangdong province, China. Note that the 13-D application range is now fulfilled by their 11N-2 model, primarily a 60Hz model, which also serves the 50Hz market with inclusion of a gear box 5 “Cooling steam application in industrial gas turbines and field experience”, Kallianpur V., et al, Mitsubishi Power Systems 6 Author’s notes, Power Generation Systems course and author’s articles in European Power News, Middle East Electricity and Independent Power Generation magazines 7 The power of water in gas turbines: “Alstom’s experience with inlet air cooling”, Lecheler S., et al (Alstom power) Natural gas 50 Hz 172.2 MW 36.4% 9376 Btu/kWh 3000 rpm 15.4 :1 537 kg/s 522 °C < 25 vppm 38PDF Image | GAS TURBINES IN SIMPLE CYCLE COMBINED CYCLE APPLICATIONS
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