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In British units: In Metric units: Power (hp) Thermal efficiency Heat rate (BTU/hp-hr) Exhaust gas temperature (degrees Fahrenheit) Power (MW) Thermal efficiency Heat rate (kJ/KW-hr) Exhaust gas temperature (degrees Centigrade) Light oil 31,641 33.1 7,685 998 Light oil 23,100 As above 10,880 537 Natural gas 33,022 34.2 7,440 993 Natural gas 24,630 10,518 534 39 This option of running on oil versus natural gas is also available for newer, more sophisticated gas turbine models, such as Alstom’s 13E2 which powers several SE Asian plant locations. The choice of using oil as a gas turbine fuel is normally decided on the answers to three questions: i) What will the efficiency penalty be? ii) What will the TBO (time between overhauls) and parts longevity penalties be? iii) Which fuel is inexpensively and abundantly available? The answer to ii) is probably the more critical one to operators in terms of their cost per fired hour figures. Some OEMs (original engine manufacturers) therefore have a separate design to minimize the impact on ii) if the answer to iii) is “residual oil” (no. 4 or no. 6 oil). China has an in-country steam turbine manufacturer, with coal reserves that outweigh its oil or gas resources, so gas turbine (or combined cycle, CC) territory within China is hard won. A CC operation powered by residual fuel is a design and operations achievement, due to hot section and fuel additive technology required. The ideal turbine for this application is a relatively low temperature, sturdy, preferably cast, simple design that then results in minimal maintenance. What was the 50Hz Alstom GT13D (and their 60Hz 11N2, which, with a gearbox, can replace the 13D) has a proven track record in these applications where far greater turbine sophistication with respect to alloys and turbine inlet temperatures would be self-defeating. These machines’ track record thus far indicates that operations have been satisfactory to the owners and could indicate further such inroads into a difficult market. China needs to run on as cheap a fuel as possible with maximum efficiency and time between overhauls. Production economics dictated that the -11N2 replace the -13D. They were very similar: the -11N2 package was adapted, so it could be substituted for the earlier model. The -11N2 can run on 50Hz or 60 Hz, produces about 109 MW at base load, and can handle the same dismal fuel quality as the -13D. The observations made in this case involve the Shunde power plant in Guangdong province China which uses Alstom residual fuel technology in its 13D2s. The GT13D gas turbine operates under the critical firing temperature of 1015 degrees C (Celsius) without much derating. Each turbine develops about 90MW. 18 compressor stages and 5 turbine stages are lightly loaded, at a 43.6% gross combined cycle (LHV) efficiency, for longer time between overhauls. (The -11N2 was previously equipped only for 60 Hz generation. With an optional gearbox, it can also run at 50 Hz, and the -13D was phased out of production)PDF Image | GAS TURBINES IN SIMPLE CYCLE COMBINED CYCLE APPLICATIONS
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