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Fig. 59. a) Fogging Nozzle Rack, b) Fogging Pump Skid 7 The major components of a fogging unit are: • the nozzle rack with nozzles (fig. 59a) • the pump skid including a control unit and a valve skid (fig. 59b) • a water drain system for the air intake and the intake manifold. The nozzles are mounted on tubes which are installed in the air intake downstream of the filter. Swirl nozzles are used in Alstom’s fogging system (trade name ALFog). They provide the required droplet size. Small droplets promote good evaporation in the air intake, high power augmentation and low risk of erosion. A high pressure piston pump feeds de-mineralized water at constant pressure (typically 140 bars) to the valve skid. The valves allow the sequencing of the water flow rate into sub-groups (typically 15 or 31, depending on design conditions). These subgroups are switched on and off by the control logic in order to adjust the water mass flow to ambient conditions. At lower ambient humidity and the higher ambient temperature, higher water quantities are needed to saturate the air, so more sub-groups are switched on. Typically 3 additional drain lines are installed in the air intake before and after the silencer and in the manifold. This is to ensure that water films and large secondary droplets, which might be generated on obstacles inside the air flow, are extracted from the air-stream flow. Water must be de-mineralized and 2 standard fogging systems are used, one for a design ambient humidity of 45% (design capacity 8,000 l/h or 2.2 kg/s for GT26 or GT13) and one for a design ambient humidity of 30% (design capacity 12,000 l/h or 3.3 kg/s for a GT26 or GT 13). High Fogging System: In order to increase power augmentation further, an additional nozzle rack is installed near the compressor intake. These systems are called high fogging, wet compression, over-spray or over-fogging systems. ALSTOM’s high fogging system ALFog is installed horizontally in the gas turbine air intake (fig 60). The system sprays small water droplets (<50μm) through nozzles into the air. These droplets evaporate mainly inside the compressor as the air is heated up during compression. Fig. 60. High Fogging System in Combination with Fogging or Evap Cooler 7 The power of the gas turbine is increased mainly by 2 effects: • Compressor inter-cooling, which reduces compression work and compressor discharge temperature. • The mass flow through the turbine is increased. 50PDF Image | GAS TURBINES IN SIMPLE CYCLE COMBINED CYCLE APPLICATIONS
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