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HIGH PERFORMANCE TRIBOELECTRIC NANOGENERATOR AND ITS APPLICATIONS

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HIGH PERFORMANCE TRIBOELECTRIC NANOGENERATOR AND ITS APPLICATIONS ( high-performance-triboelectric-nanogenerator-and-its-applica )

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600 RPM and 1000 RPM respectively. The nozzle-to-substrate distance (~5 mm) was larger than that used in normal printing so that the camera lens could find a good focus position, and 5 boost units and a nozzle size of 600 μm were used for the recording. During the e-jet process, the ink meniscus at the nozzle tip expands from spherical to conical shape and then contracts back to spherical shape periodically due to the electric field. A complete cycle can be divided into four phases, liquid accumulation, cone formation, droplet ejection and relaxation.218 During the liquid accumulation phase (Figure 52b&c, i), ink accumulates at the nozzle tip and the meniscus is spherical with the surface tension as the dominant stress. Subsequently (Figure 52b&c, ii-iv), charges in the ink starts to accumulate at the meniscus surface under the electric field and the resulted Maxwell stress from coulombic repulsion transforms the meniscus into a conical shape. Once the Maxwell stress exceeds the surface tension (Figure 52b&c, v-viii), the radius of curvature at the cone apex reaches its minimum, and some charged ink liquid at the apex is ejected from the nozzle towards the collecting substrate and turns in to a droplet during the fall, resulting in a decrease in cone volume and charge amount. After the droplet ejection (Figure 52b&c, ix-x), the surface tension becomes dominant again and the meniscus retracts back to the spherical shape quickly, which is followed by the next cycle. This matches well with the droplet generation and ejection process reported in previous literature where a conventional DC HV is applied.218, 219 140

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