Improving Gas Turbine Engine Control System

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Improving Gas Turbine Engine Control System ( improving-gas-turbine-engine-control-system )

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As its name implies, the main purpose ofthe control system is to control the engine. Since the engine's main purpose is to produce thrust, the primary and often most critical function of the control system is to control the necessary functions of the engine which allow thrust to be modulated. Jet engines produce thrust by employing Newton's 2 nd Law, F=Mea where F = Thrust M = Mass Flow a = acceleration of the mass flow In this case, the majority of the mass flow is air that can range from a few pounds per second (pps) in the case of small engines used for auxiliary power units in commercial aircraft to hundreds of pps in the case of the large commercial turbofan engines that push the aircraft aloft. These massive amounts of airflow are produced by the engine fan that is turned by the fan-drive or low-pressure turbine (LPT). The LPT is turned by airfoils that extract energy from high temperature, high velocity gas which is produced by combusting a mixture of air and fuel in the engine combustor or burner. A portion of energy of this accelerated gas is extracted by the high- pressure turbine (HPT) to drive the compressor and the LPT to drive the fan and the remainder exits the engine through the exhaust nozzle. The fraction ofairflow, by weight, passing only through the fan to the airflow passing through the core (compressor/combustor/high turbine) is known as the bypass ratio. Relatively low bypass ratio turbofans (such as military engines) produce the majority of propulsive thrust from the highly accelerated hot gas exiting the engine through the exhaust nozzle. High bypass ratio commercial engines produce the majority of propulsive thrust by a relatively low acceleration ofan extremely high volume of air through the fan. This process of accelerating gas in a controlled fashion is initiated through the precise 38

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Improving Gas Turbine Engine Control System

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