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Jet Engine Basics, Metrics, and Technological Trends 15 Military thrust is conventionally defined as the highest level of thrust produced by the engine without using these augmentation capabili- ties (e.g., with the afterburner turned off). Shaft horsepower (SHP)(measured in horsepower, kilowatts (kw), and other units of power) is the “capability” metric for turboprop and turboshaft engines, analogous to a turbojet’s or turbofan’s thrust. The power transferred by a shaft is proportional to the product of the shaft’s torque (foot-pounds, Newton-meters, and such) times its rate of rotation (revolutions per minute, radians per second, and such). Specific fuel consumption (SFC) is the conventional fuel efficiency metric for jet engines. This metric assumes different forms. The two most common forms are described next. For turbojets and turbofans, SFC is often referred to as the thrust specific fuel consumption (TSFC) and is the ratio of the fuel flow rate to the thrust. Clearly, low values of TSFC are good. Measured in pounds of fuel per hour/pounds of thrust,8 which is usually short- ened to 1/hour. In Systeme Internationale (SI) units, SFC is measured in units of kilograms of fuel per second/kiloNewtons of thrust). When only one value of TSFC is reported for an engine, it is often the TSFC corresponding to the military thrust level, rather than the maximum (augmented) thrust level. Figure 2.2 illustrates the military thrust SFC advantage offered by turbofans compared with turbojets. The very low SFC engines indi- cated at the bottom of the figure are all high-BPR turbofans. For turboshafts and turboprops, the most common form of this met- ric is the power specific fuel consumption, which is frequently written simply as SFC.9 This form of SFC is the ratio of the engine’s fuel flow rate to the shaft horsepower from the engine. (The units of this met- ric are written as 1/length but are most often reported as “pounds of fuel per hour per horsepower” and when reported in SI units “kilo- gram per hour per kilowatt.”) Again, low values of SFC reflect an efficient engine. ______________ 8For purposes of this discussion, the distinction between pound-mass and pound- force is ignored. 9This form of SFC is also referred to as brake-power specific fuel consumption.PDF Image | Military Jet Engine Acquisition Technology Basics and Cost-Estimating Methodology
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