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Jet Engine Basics, Metrics, and Technological Trends 23 design) and may also include other existing components. While en- gine cores are often a relatively small part of the entire engine, they tend to be expensive to design and build due to their high operating temperatures, the pressures and stresses placed on them, the wide range of operating conditions over which they must function smoothly, and other factors. However, in many cases, significantly different engines have successfully used the same or similar cores.13 Typically, developing a new centerline engine is more expensive than developing a derivative engine. Furthermore, both the new center- line and derivative approaches are normally much more technically challenging and costly than adapting an off-the-shelf engine or making minor modifications to upgrade an existing design.14 SUMMARY The high-level parameters and development approaches described in this chapter are common throughout the engine community. Their relative importance depends upon the engine’s application. For example, while the designer of an expendable (one-time-use) missile engine will probably place a much higher priority on low weight and low cost than on engine life, the designer of a transport aircraft engine will concentrate on providing excellent fuel efficiency and durability, and a fighter engine designer may place the greatest emphasis on thrust and thrust-to-weight ratio, while preserving effi- ciency, durability, and affordability. The correct combination of en- gine design approach and engine parameters must be reflected in ______________ 13Simply incorporating the design principles and practices used in previous engine development programs does not constitute a derivative development; both new cen- terline and derivative developments will exploit proven design practices and princi- ples as is appropriate. Similarly, using individual components from other engines does not constitute a derivative engine, in that much of the development effort and cost go into the matching and integration of components (matching rotational speeds and airflow rates, avoiding resonant frequencies, and other specifics). 14Typically, small engine modifications and adaptations of off-the-shelf engines would alter a few of the engine’s components. These modifications would likely change the cost of engines by a much smaller percentage than a derivative engine de- velopment, and possibly the changes are smaller than the magnitude of the margin of error of the CERs being developed through this research. Therefore, estimates of indi- vidual component modifications developed through a bottom-up cost-estimating ap- proach will likely provide a better estimate of the cost of the modified new engines than using whole engine CERs.PDF Image | Military Jet Engine Acquisition Technology Basics and Cost-Estimating Methodology
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