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An Overview of Military Jet Engine History 101 win government financial support for their engine development pro- grams, primarily through the influence of the visionary Brigadier General Ernst Udet, head of the Technical Office of the RLM. At the same time, the RLM let a contract to Messerschmitt to develop a jet fighter design, the Me 262. The RLM also began supporting another jet engine effort at BMW. Thus, by the end of 1939, only four months into the war, the German government was financing four military jet engine programs: the Junkers Jumo 004, two programs at Heinkel, and the BMW effort. In addition, two jet fighters were under development: the Me 262 and the He 280 (a successor to the He 178). At the time, the British gov- ernment had launched development of an improved Whittle engine and the Gloster Meteor, both of which would prove to be substan- tially less capable than their competition coming out of Germany. Griffith was working on his axial-flow concepts at Rolls-Royce but was not making rapid progress. Meanwhile, in the United States, many companies had begun devel- oping turbojet or turboprop design concepts, including GE, Pratt & Whitney, Lockheed, and Northrop (St. Peter, 1999). In early 1941, however, General Henry “Hap” Arnold, chief of the Army Air Force, along with some GE officials, learned about the British jet engine development programs and the existence of the Whittle engine. Arnold arranged for the transfer of the Whittle technology to GE’s turbocharger division at Lynn, Massachusetts, so that the United States could develop a jet fighter quickly. Bell Aircraft received a contract to develop an aircraft, the XP-59A, for the GE-built Whittle engine, which was called the GE 1-A. For the development of future high-technology indigenous engines, many U.S. companies, includ- ing GE, Pratt & Whitney, Westinghouse, Lockheed, Northrop, and others, began receiving government research and development (R&D) funding. Unfortunately for the immediate war effort, the XP- 59A, like the Gloster Meteor, proved a disappointment due to the shortcomings of the centrifugal-flow concept of the Whittle engine that powered both aircraft. The Whittle engines could not provide the thrust necessary to make the aircraft competitive with the most advanced piston fighters en- tering service at the time. The XP-59A first flew in October 1942 with two 1,250-pound-thrust GE 1-A engines. Later variants had the morePDF Image | Military Jet Engine Acquisition Technology Basics and Cost-Estimating Methodology
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