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An Overview of Military Jet Engine History 105 gines. Using a much different approach, the U.S. government had encouraged competition among firms and discouraged sharing of information. The U.S. approach promoted development of different technical solutions. GE had begun with the basic Whittle technology and improved on it greatly until it had achieved its own indigenous engines, the J33 and J35 turbojets. GE developments had been largely sponsored by the Air Force; GE engines were widely used to power first-generation Air Force fighters and bombers. Westinghouse had a long history of steam turbine development and expertise. During the war, its turbojet development activities were sponsored by the Navy, and most first-generation Navy fighters were powered by Westing- house engines. Allison initially produced mostly GE-designed en- gines for the Air Force due to GE’s lack of production facilities. With little independent wartime turbojet R&D experience of its own, P&W decided to produce the Rolls-Royce–licensed Nene engine, a very ad- vanced successor to the original Whittle W.2B turbojet. With the German firms in ruins, Rolls-Royce was considered by many in the early post-War period to be the most advanced turbojet manufac- turer. P&W Nene-based engines were used on both Navy and Air Force aircraft.5 All turbojets during the immediate post-War era suffered from at least four major shortcomings: high fuel consumption, relatively low thrust, sluggish acceleration, and loud noise. These problems greatly complicated the development of naval carrier-based jet fighters, long-range land-based fighters, long-range strategic bombers, and commercial jet airliners. P&W decided that it was at least five years ______________ 5Wright Aeronautical, a division of the Curtiss-Wright Corporation, along with P&W, a division of United Aircraft, had been the most important U.S. aero engine manufacturers during World War II. Indeed, by 1940, Curtiss-Wright was the largest U.S. company in the aircraft industry. During the last year and a half of the war, the government officially prohibited Wright Aeronautical and P&W from pursuing jet engine development research in order to force them to concentrate on war production. After the war, Wright received jet R&D contracts, gained access to Westinghouse J34 engine technologies, and built GE J-47 engines. During the Korean War, Wright license produced two British jet engines. The Air Force chose Wright to develop its own higher-thrust J-67 turbojet for the Convair F-102, but cancelled the program because of perceived poor performance by Wright during the Korean War. Wright never recovered from the cancelled business and ceased to be a jet engine prime contractor. Lockheed and Northrop also exited the engine industry soon after the war. Westinghouse also left the industry after producing several engine developments in the 1950s. See Gholz (2000).PDF Image | Military Jet Engine Acquisition Technology Basics and Cost-Estimating Methodology
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