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System uncertainty due to thermo-fluid modelling Konstantinos G. Kyprianidis Figure 4.3: Effects of FAR and dissociation on isobaric heat capacity (left) and γ (right) for combustion products of Jet-A. the ideal gas assumption. In some cases a comparison was made between the val- ues calculated using rigorous ideal gas modeling and the values proposed in gas turbine textbooks to be used in “illustrative calculations for teaching purposes, or for crude ballpark estimates” [88] i.e. perfect gas assumption. Although, such simplifications are sometimes necessary within an educational framework, it is important for future engineers to understand the errors induced in their calcula- tions. In reference [193], Kurzke clearly demonstrates how simplifications can be wrong not only quantitatively, but also qualitatively, and, hence, predict wrong trends. Tables of caloric properties from CEA [188] have been used for producing figures illustrating the effects of dissociation and WAR. The no-dissociation and chemical equilibrium models have been discussed in earlier sections. Figures illustrating the effects of fuel chemistry have been produced using the simple no-dissociation chemistry model and a CHEMKIN-II type of library, EVA ThermoLib, discussed earlier in section 4.2. 4.6.1 Effects of dissociation on Cp and γ The isobaric heat capacity will increase with FAR and temperature, while γ will decrease. Dissociation effects start becoming noticeable after 1500 [K], and can induce increasingly significant deviations in Cp and γ calculations for tempera- tures greater than 1800 [K], as can be observed in Fig. 4.3, as well as Table 4.2. To a first order, dissociation effects are highly sensitive to pressure; they are significantly less sensitive to FAR, however. The assumption of perfect gas can induce errors in the estimated values of Cp and γ of as much as 30% and 5% respectively, if dissociation effects are ignored. With dissociation effects taken 90PDF Image | Multi-disciplinary conceptual design of future jet engine systems
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