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System uncertainty due to thermo-fluid modelling Konstantinos G. Kyprianidis Figure 4.6: Effects of FAR and WAR on isobaric heat capacity (left) and γ (right) for combustion products of Jet-A. Dissociation effects are relatively insensitive to FAR for high pressures. It was mentioned earlier that increasing FAR will decrease γ and this is generally true whether dissociation is taken into account or not. This rule will not apply how- ever at high temperatures and low pressures were γ tends to become less depen- dent on the value of FAR. This is mainly attributed to the substantially increased value of the gas constant which offsets the increase in isobaric heat capacity, as illustrated in Fig. 4.5. This occurrence was not studied for temperatures higher than 3000 [K] since such temperatures are of limited interest for most gas tur- bine applications. No direct conclusion can be drawn with respect to the effect of FAR on the deviation of the chemical equilibrium value of γ compared to the value obtained from the no-dissociation model, as illustrated in Fig. 4.5. 4.6.2 Effects of water to air ratio on Cp and γ The isobaric heat capacity will increase with water to air ratio, while γ will decrease as illustrated in Fig. 4.6. The effect of WAR is more significant on the calculation of Cp, than on γ. This is mainly attributed to the rising value of the gas constant with WAR, essentially offsetting the increase of Cp; it should be kept in mind that γ is a function of Cp and R, with the value of the latter being significantly higher for water than for dry air or combustion products of Jet-A. 4.6.3 Effects of fuel chemistry and lambda on Cp and γ For gas turbine performance calculations, it is important to study the effects of fuel chemistry in the evaluation of caloric properties for combustion products. The isobaric heat capacity will increase with H/C ratio as illustrated in Fig. 92PDF Image | Multi-disciplinary conceptual design of future jet engine systems
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