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Konstantinos G. Kyprianidis System uncertainty due to thermo-fluid modelling • Dissociation effects can generally be ignored for NOx emissions predictions with P3T3 methods, and perhaps for NOx environmental impact assess- ments; the errors induced are more than an order of magnitude smaller compared to the uncertainty of the semi-empirical prediction methods that are typically used. • The uncertainty of the various technical models used for gas turbine fluid modelling can be ignored in many cases for multidisciplinary simulations at aircraft system level. This is due to the fact that the overall level of confidence for such a simulation may be considerably low in highly concep- tual studies since many assumptions would need to be made at this stage of the design process. For accurate block fuel predictions dissociation ef- fects should not be ignored as this introduces a systematic error in the calculations. • For an intercooled cycle with a high OPR the ideal gas assumption does not hold very well and if the ideal isothermal compression process is to be considered significant calculation errors should be expected. The main conclusion coming out of this work is that the uncertainties in gas turbine thermo-fluid modelling are not negligible, and should not be ignored in neither analytical gas turbine studies or within the educational procedure. Future engineers need to be well aware of the induced uncertainty in their cal- culations and treat their assumptions and results accordingly. Although, some of the simplifications made were certainly justifiable for the first turbofan engine designs - if one considers the computational means available during that period - performance engineers should use them nowadays under caution for conceptual design of future propulsion systems. The accuracy/uncertainty of an overall engine model will always be better than the mean accuracy/uncertainty of the individual component estimates as long as systematic errors are carefully examined and reduced to acceptable levels to ensure error propagation does not cause significant discrepancies. The results obtained demonstrated that accurate modelling of the working fluid is essential, especially for assessing novel and/or aggressive cycles at aircraft system level. Where radical design space exploration is concerned, improving the accuracy of the fluid model will need to be carefully balanced with the computational time penalties involved. 105PDF Image | Multi-disciplinary conceptual design of future jet engine systems
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