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28 Results Figure 2.7: Fluttering frequency f as a function of wind speed U in the table-top-sized wind tunnel for three different half electrode distances d = 3 mm, 5 mm and 7 mm. When the wind blows the FEP film is fluttering between the two copper electrodes placed at d = 3 mm away (parallel electrodes), d = 5 mm away (electrodes slightly bent outward) or d = 7 mm away (electrodes more bent outward) respectively. Inset: Drawing of the TENG. d =3mm,5mmand7mmwefoundu = 0.401248×f,u = 0.602743×f and u = 0.352747 × f respectively. The fitted lines for d = 3 mm and d = 7 mm almost coincide. Given the frequency f the voltage thus becomes largest at d = 5 mm. Why is there an optimum d giving the voltage u a maximum at constant fre- quency? We could give two reasons: (i): approximating the fluttering film and elec- trode as a capacitor of capacitance C one would expect the voltage u to increase with the half width d as u = Q = 2Qd, (2.36) C ε0S where Q is the charge, S is the capacitor area, 2d is the distance between the ”plates” and ε0 is the permittivity of air. (ii): The impact speed v of the plastic ribbon flutter- ing between the two copper electrodes is approximately v = 2d = 4df, (2.37) P/2 Frequency (Hz) 200 150 100 50 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 0 mm, 2 mm d 10 cm or 4 mm FEP thickness 0.0125 mm 3 mm 2 cm f = 20.67 U – 38.10 d = 3 mm f = 11.55 U – 13.38 d = 5 mm f = 13.33 U – 10.42 d = 7 mm d = 3 mm d = 5 mm d = 7 mm Wind speed (m/s)PDF Image | Nanomechanics Quantum Size Effects, Contacts, and Triboelectricity
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