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Nanomechanics Quantum Size Effects, Contacts, and Triboelectricity

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Nanomechanics Quantum Size Effects, Contacts, and Triboelectricity ( nanomechanics-quantum-size-effects-contacts-and-triboelectri )

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34 1. Discussion 2. Several findings on the nanomechanical forces, due to quantum size-effects, elec- trical fields, and van der Waals, showed that i. Quantum effects are not of general importance in nanomechanics, except in special systems. ii. Field-inducesmattertransport,bothbyelectricfieldandvanderWaalsforces, is of importance to understand phenomena in nanocontacts including tribo- electric contacts. iii. Thermodynamics might be an important tool to investigate the triboelectric mechanism. We anticipate that the triboelectric wind generator with its simple design and low wind speed capability should allow development of large-area wind power systems in the future. We can summarize with the following conclusions 3.1 Future works A better understanding of the triboelectric mechanism is desired and the two models presented in this thesis, if developed further, could contribute towards this. Firstly, the field-induced matter transport model could be more specifically modelled to- wards triboelectricity in order to be useful to understand the wear of the electrodes in TENG. Such a model might also contribute to design rules for a proper choice of materials. It would then be desired to include also insulators in the model - our field induced model assume a conducting surface under the charged tip - since the ma- jority of practical TENGs are made of non-metals. Secondly, the Schottky model for studies of the temperature dependency could be useful to interpret new tailor-made experiments. In particular it would be interesting to experimentally show if we have ion trans- fer or transfer of electrons between potential wells of atoms as charge carriers in triboelectric nanogenerators containing non-metals but not nanomaterials. Perhaps a high frequency experiment could answer this question because electrons move more easily than heavy ions. Dielectric spectroscopy measurements could give valu- able information about what kind of charge carrier that that is active in triboelectric nanogenerators. The development of TENG:s are done along several lines, for example, they are used in self-powered sensors which already have been demonstrated in a number of systems [27]. Our wind-driven TENG have many desired properties; they are sim- ple, efficient, cheap and are working already at low wind speeds with potential to scale up to large-area coverage for contribution to the need of energy in the future society. This might also be valid for other kinds of renewable energy including ther- mal waste heat and solar energy that might use thermoacoustic principles [50] for

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