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Power Electronics and Wind Power GERTMAR Lars Large-scale Renewable energy systems—Distributed Generation in general Technologies15 for Distributed16 Generation Technology “Traditional combustion” Combined cycle gas turbines Internal combustion engines Combustion turbines Micro-Turbines “Small-scale combustion” Stirling engine “Renewable” Small hydro Micro hydro Wind turbines Photovoltaic arrays Solar thermal, central receiver Solar thermal, Lutz system Biomass, e.g. based on gasification Geothermal Ocean energy Typical “available” size per module 35MW–400MW 5kW–10MW 1MW–250MW 35kW–1MW 2kW–10kW 1MW–100MW 25kW–1MW 200W–3MW 20W–100kW 1MW–10MW 10MW–80MW 100kW–20MW 5MW–100MW 100kW–1MW “Electricity Storage—Fuel cells and Batteries” Fuel cells, phosacid Fuel cells, molten carbonate Fuel cells, proton exchange Fuel cells, solid oxide Battery storage 200kW–2MW 250kW–2MW 1kW–250kW 250kW–5MW 500kW–5MW Hydro, wind, solar, biomass, and geothermal are under various steps of R&D [30]. Regarding all renewable energy systems, benefits from improved power control, e.g., with power electronic and electro-magnetic/electro-mechanic converters and with automation should be stressed empathically in high-level research and education. Power electronics and automation will almost always be a basis for electrical power generation based on renewable energy facilities. Those facilities will, for Europe-wide, large-scale generation, need reliable power collection, transmission and distribution grids and priming measures to provide electrical energy: to large-scale industrial manufacturing, e.g. as shown in Fig.13left; to transportation; and, to commercial facilities; i.e., not only to households. This observation is in a clear contrast to pictures like, Fig. 13 right, where it could be misunderstood that the Europe-wide traditional high-voltage-grid with today’s electrical energy flow via electrical power transmission poles in the countryside will be eliminated and taken away. It could furthermore be misunderstood that wind power plants will be located in densely populated areas either in the vicinity of commercial buildings or villages. Integration of wind power in the transmission grids has started, especially in the Danish transmission system operator’s, Eltra, grid at Jutland and on Funen, Fig. 12 and in the North- western Germany, especially in the former Preussen-Elektra grid, today a part of E.ON Netz. 15 The table is a revision of Table 1 in Electric Power Systems Research 57 (2001) 195–204: Distributed generation: a definition, by Thomas Ackermann, Göran Andersson, Lennart Söder 16 There are more than one denoting of DG in English: distributed, decentralized (decentralised), dispersed, embedded. They mean more or less the same. Search on Internet and in databases ought to combine all of them. EPE 2003 - Toulouse ISBN : 90-75815-07-7 P.18PDF Image | Power Electronics and Wind Power
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