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Power Electronics and Wind Power GERTMAR Lars Offshore wind power converters An essential part of future wind turbine installations will be offshore. Most wind power plants will be based on land or be coastal/near-shore. As mentioned before AC will be in favour unless there are severe restrictions, e.g., interconnections through national parks (North Sea Coast Line, Wattenmeer) [26], via cables on long distance and the like. There are some studies completed around offshore wind power conversion, collection & transmission: IEA-CADDET, Electricity from Offshore Wind [27], DOWEC, Dutch Offshore Wind Energy Converters [28], CA-OWEE, Concerted action on Offshore Wind Energy in Europe [29]. Summary (on page 2 top) in the latter report13 reads: ”Variable speed: there is a tendency towards variable-speed designs. Wide range variable speed has a further advantage in the ability to avoid damaging resonances, important for offshore turbine structures, where the resonant frequencies have proved difficult to predict accurately, and may also change over the lifetime of the structure. It remains somewhat unclear whether power electronic converters can be made reliable enough at suitable cost.” It is expanded, CA-OWEE’s page 2-43. The sentence in bold is the background to volunteer for a keynote presentation to EPE. Horns Reef (www.hornsrev.dk) was built and commissioned in 2002. It is the world’s largest offshore wind farm and located at the Danish west coast. The wind farm is sited 14-20 km into the North Sea, west of Blåvands Huk, and represents the first phase of a large-scale Danish effort to produce non- polluting electricity from offshore wind turbines. With the Horns Rev project it will be possible to determine whether or not the Danish Government’s ambitious energy plan is feasible. Under the plan, wind turbines with a total capacity of 4000 MW must be established in Danish waters before 2030. Power electronics is there. Geared double-fed induction generators are used. The diagram of the main circuits seems not to be available on the web but it is likely the principal one in Fig. 12. The wind turbines are rated 2 MW each and quite similar to those shown in Fig. 9 left. To Elsam14: “wind power is an attractive business area – nationally as well as internationally. It is therefore Elsam’s ambition to build, own and operate land-based and offshore wind farms. In addition to the Horns Rev project, Elsam is actively involved in a number of Danish and international wind energy projects. These projects benefit from the expertise and experience that Elsam has accumulated over the years. Today Elsam operates some 500 wind turbines in Denmark alone.” Fig. 12: Left: A grid-connection scheme for an offshore wind farm [27c]. Right: Actual installations owned by Elsam A/S – an international player in wind energy. Source: www.hornsrev.dk 13 http://www.offshorewindenergy.org/ca-owee/indexpages/downloads/CA-OWEE_Complete.pdf 14 http://www.hornsrev.dk/Engelsk/Projektet/uk-elsam_og_vindmoeller.htm EPE 2003 - Toulouse ISBN : 90-75815-07-7 P.17PDF Image | Power Electronics and Wind Power
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